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    Serum IL-33 level and IL-33 gene polymorphisms in Behcet's disease
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Koca, Suleyman Serdar; Kara, Murat; Deniz, Firat; Ozgen, Metin; Demir, Caner Feyzi; Ilhan, Nevin; Isik, Ahmet
    Beh double dagger et's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Increased productions of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-18 are documented, and IL-1 alpha and beta gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to the disease. IL-33 is a recently discovered member of IL-1 cytokine family. The aim of the study was to detect serum IL-33 level and IL-33 gene polymorphisms in a cohort of BD. Unrelated 117 patients with BD and 149 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Serum IL-33 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. DNA samples were harvested using an appropriate commercial DNA isolation kit. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-33 gene (rs7044343, rs1157505, rs11792633 and rs1929992) were genotyped using the appropriate commercial primer/probe sets on real-time PCR. Serum IL-33 level was not significantly different in the BD and HC groups (p > 0.05). However, its level was lower in the active BD patients compared to the inactive ones and HC group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.037, respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs1157505 and rs1929992 polymorphisms (p > 0.05 for all). However, the TT variants of rs7044343 and rs11792633 polymorphisms were very rare, and the T allele frequencies of these polymorphisms were lower, in the BD group compared to the HC group (p < 0.0001 for all). The rs7044343 and rs11792633 variants of IL-33 gene are associated with the decreased risk of BD in our cohort. Therefore, it may be concluded that IL-33 acts a protective role on the pathogenesis of BD.
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    Serum salusin-? levels in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis
    (Aves, 2014) Koca, Suleyman Serdar; Ozgen, Metin; Isik, Bahar; Dagli, Mustafa Necati; Ustundag, Bilal; Isik, Ahmet
    Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), chronic inflammatory diseases, demonstrate an increased incidence of cardiovascular manifestations and subclinical atherosclerotic disease. Salusin-alpha is a novel bioactive peptide that suppresses the formation of macrophage foam cells, and its serum level is significantly lower in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. The aims of the study were to assess serum salusin-alpha level and its potential association with the predictors of atherosclerosis in SLE and SSc. Material and Methods: The study included 20 SLE and 22 SSc patients and 23 healthy controls (HC). All of the participants were female. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6 and salusin-alpha levels, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were determined. Results: Salusin-alpha levels were lower and the IMTs were higher in the SLE and SSc groups than in the HC group. The salusin-alpha level was correlated with neither the disease activity scores nor cytokine levels and IMT in the SLE and SSc groups, although it was correlated with triglyceride level in the SLE group (r=-0.564, p=0.012), and with HOMA-IR index in the HC group (r=0.485, p=0.019). Conclusion: The present preliminary study may support the idea that SSc leads to subclinical atherosclerosis, as in SLE. Moreover, it can be concluded that the decreased salusin-a levels in SLE and SSc may contribute to subclinical atherosclerosis. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to demonstrate this contribution in SLE and SSc.