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Öğe Allelopathic Potential of Some Essential Oil Bearing Plant Extracts on Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.)(Revista Chimie Srl, 2016) Isik, Dogan; Mennan, Husrev; Cam, Mustafa; Tursun, Nihat; Arslan, MehmetAllelopathy can be regarded as a component of biological control in which plants are used to reduce development of other plants. Allelopathy refers to the direct or indirect chemical effects of one plant on the germination, growth or development of neighboring plants. The allelopathic effects of extracts of mint (Mentha piperita L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on seed germination and some growth characteristics of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) were investigated. Aqueous extracts of aromatic plants at 0,1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 % concentrations were applied to determine their inhibition effects on seed germination; seedling shoot and root length of C. album seed under laboratory conditions. The extracts of tested plant species caused inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling length of C. album. Allolapaticity increased progressively with the increasing extract concentration. The results showed that total germination inhibition of C. album depended on the extract concentration; ranged from %13 to 100. The maximum inhibition (100%) rate for germination was obtained from the highest extract concentration for all test species. Extracts of mint, thyme, rosemary, coriander and sage could be used as alternatives herbicides.Öğe The Critical Period for Weed Control (CPWC) in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2015) Isik, Dogan; Akca, Adem; Kaya Altop, Emine; Tursun, Nihat; Mennan, HusrevAccurate assessment of crop-weed control period is an essential part for planning an effective weed management for cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted during the seasonal growing periods of potato in 2012 and 2013 in Kayseri, Turkey to assess critical period for weed control (CPWC) in potato. A four parameter log-logistic model was used CO assist in monitoring and analysing two sets of related, relative crop yield. Data was obtained during the periods of increased weed interference and as a comparison, during weed-free periods. In both years, the relative yield of potato decreased with a longer period of weed-interference whereas increased with increasing length of weed free period. In 2012, the CPWC ranged from 112 to 1014 GDD (Growing Degree Days) which corresponded to 8 to 66 days after crop emergence (DAE) and between 135-958 GDD (10 to 63 DAE) in the following year based on a 5% acceptable yield loss. Weed-free conditions needed to be established as early as the first week after crop emergence and maintained as late as ten weeks after crop emergence to avoid more than 5% yield loss in the potato. The results suggest that CPWC could well assist potato producers to significantly reduce the expense of their weed management programs as well as improving its efficacy.Öğe Effects of Different Cover Crops on Soil Quality Parameters and Yield in an Apricot Orchard(Friends Science Publ, 2019) Demir, Zeynep; Tursun, Nihat; Isik, DoganCover crop treatments significantly increased yield in an apricot orchard according to the control. Effects of different cover crop treatments on some soil quality parameters and yield of a apricot orchard located in Turkey were investigated. For this purpose, Vicia villosa Roth. (VV), V. pannonica Crantz. (VP), a mixture of V. pannonica (70%) and Triticale (30%) (VPT) and Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (PT) were grown as winter cover crops, and Fagopyrum esculentum was grown as summer cover crop in the apricot orchard with clay soil. The experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications including a plot mechanically cultivated (MC), herbicide treatment (HC) and bare control plot (BC). The soils were sampled from 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths in each plot for soil analyses. The cover crops enhanced soil quality parameters like organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), electrical conductivity (EC), basal soil respiration (BSR), structural stability index (SSI), aggregate stability (AS), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), bulk density (BD), permanent wilting point (PWP), available water capacity (AWC) and field capacity (FC). The highest rises were in the treatment of the VV, diminishing the BD by 12.7% while raising the OM by 63.5%, Ks by 248.7%, AWC by 19.4% and SSI by 9.4% in the 0-20 cm soil depth. OM contents of cover crop treatments were ordered as; HC < BC < MC < PT < FE < VPT < VP < VV. The highest correlations among the soil parameters were obtained for the VV between OM and BD (-0.911**), BD and Ks (-0.906**), OM and Ks (0.989**). It was concluded based on current results that cover crops may be incorporated into cropping systems to improve soil quality. (C) 2019 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Use of Living, Mowed, and Soil-Incorporated Cover Crops for Weed Control in Apricot Orchards(Mdpi, 2018) Tursun, Nihat; Isik, Dogan; Demir, Zeynep; Jabran, KhawarApricot fruits provide important health, economic, and nutritional benefits. Weeds damage apricot production directly and host the pests that cause damages to apricot trees. However, very few studies are available on weed control in apricot orchards. This research work was aimed at evaluating five cover crops for weed suppression in apricot orchard. The effect of living, mowed, and soil-incorporated cover corps on weeds was recorded and compared with glyphosate application and mechanical weed control. The cover crops were Vicia villosa Roth., Vicia pannonica Crantz, Triticale + V. pannonica, Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., and Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Five major weed species in the experimental area were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Tribulus terrestris L., Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., and Sorghum halepense (L.) Per. The highest biomass production was noted for Triticale + V. pannonica in 2015 and for P. tanacetifolia in 2016. Living cover crops were effective in decreasing the weed biomass compared with the control. Both mowing and soil incorporation of cover crops were effective in decreasing weed richness and density over control. Mowed or soil-incorporated cover crops were more effective than herbicide or mechanical weed control, while F. esculentum was the least effective cover crop for suppressing weeds in apricot orchard. The results of our studies implied that cover crops could be used for weed control in apricot, and their mowing or soil incorporation could enhance their efficacy.
