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    Apelin has inhibitory effect of endothelium-independent relaxation in the human internal mammary artery
    (2019) Kacar, Emine; Burma, Oktay; Serhatlioglu, Ihsan; Ulker, Nazife; Uysal, Ayhan; Yardimci, Ahmet; Kelestimur, Haluk
    Aim: Apelin has important effects on the circulatory system and heart. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apelin-13 on the contraction induced by norepinephrine (NE), and the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in human internal mammary artery (IMA) obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Material and Methods: IMA rings, obtained from patients undergoing CABG surgery, were suspended in isolated tissue baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, which were continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37°C. Results: The IMA rings were pre-contracted with increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE 10-9–10-4 mol/l) and the endothelium-independent relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were studied. Apelin-13 (10 μM) caused a dosedependent relaxation in NE pre-contracted IMA rings. Apelin also facilitated the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by SNP. Conclusion: According to the results, apelin facilitated the endothelium-independent relaxation and inhibited the contractile activity of IMA. These results suggest that apelin may be a physiological agent against the deterioration of vascular elasticity caused by endothelial damage especially in atherosclerotic cardiac patients and hypertensive patients.
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    Clopidogrel inhibits acetylcholine-induced contractions of urinary bladder in rat
    (2019) Kacar, Emine; Serhatlioglu, Ihsan
    Aim: Clopidogrel as thrombocyte Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist is used especially in peripheric artery diseases by lengthening hemorrhage time, disrupting thrombocyte aggregation and decreasing blood viscosity. It shows its antagonist effects through glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa complex ADP by preventing its activation. Although the usage area and activity is in the vascular system, there are no adequate studies showing the activity of Clopidogrel on smooth muscle contraction-relaxation mechanism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clopidogrel on bladder contraction-relaxation mechanism. Material and Methods: In the present study, the bladder tissues taken from Wistar-Albino (n=7) intact female rats were used. After the decapitation, the longitudinal bladder tissues that were received 1-mm-thick, 8-mm length, and 2-mm-width, were hung in the 5-ml isolated organ bath that had Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution by applying 1.5 gr strain. After the bladder contractions were induced with 10 μM dose Acetylcholine (Ach), Clopidogrel was applied as two doses 0.1μM and 10μM in a noncumulative manner. The peak-to-peak (p-p) values and the values below the curve before and after the Clopidogrel application in the contraction induced with Ach were normalized as % change. The statistical analyses of the data were made in the SPSS 22.0 program by applying Paired T-Test. The p<0.05 value was accepted to be statistically significant. Results: When the bladder contractions induced with Ach and the values after Clopidogrel applications were compared, it was determined that there was 79% inhibition in the area values with Clopidogrel at 0.1μM dose; 87% at 10μM dose. In the p-p values, there was inhibition at 0.1μM dose with 63%, at 10μM dose with 64%, each of the two doses, the p-p and area values were found to be statically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: Clopidogrel, which is used as an anti-aggregate especially in cardio-vascular diseases in clinical practice, has an inhibitory effect on bladder contraction (p-p and area), and the strongest inhibitor effect was observed at 10μM dose.
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    Melatonin elicits protein kinase C-mediated calcium response in immortalized GT1-7 GnRH neurons
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Kelestimur, Haluk; Ozcan, Mete; Kacar, Emine; Alcin, Ergul; Yilmaz, Bayram; Ayar, Ahmet
    Melatonin is suggested to have effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The pulsatile pattern of GnRH release, which results in the intermittent release of gonadotropic hormones from the pituitary, has a critical importance for reproductive function but the factors responsible from this release pattern are not known. Calcium is a second messenger involved in hormone release. Therefore, investigation of the effects of melatonin on intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca2+](i)) would provide critical information on hormone release in immortalized GnRH neurons. The pattern of melatonin-induced intracellular calcium signaling was investigated by fluorescence calcium imaging using the immortalized GnRH-secreting GT1-7 hypothalamic neurons. Melatonin caused a significant increase in [Ca2+](i), which was greatly blocked by luzindole, a melatonin antagonist, or attenuated by pre-treatment with protein kinase C inhibitor. This study suggests that melatonin seems to have a direct effect on GnRH neurons. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.