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    Determination of S alleles in Paviot x Levent apricot progenies by PCR and controlled pollination
    (Druckerei Liddy Halm, 2017) Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kafkas, Salih; Asma, Bayram Murat
    In this study, the sexual incompatibility of Paviot and Levent apricot parents and 89 F-1 (Paviot x Levent) progenies was determined by self-pollination experiments and S-allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. According to the self-pollination and isolation analyses under field conditions, it was found that the Paviot genotype is self-compatible (SC), whereas the Levent genotype is self-incompatible (SI). It was determined that, of all the progenies, 55 had a fruit set below 5% and were self-incompatible, whereas 34 had a fruit set over 5% and were self-compatible. The PCR-based techniques showed that, in parallel to the data obtained from the field studies, 55 F-1 progenies did not have S-c allele, whereas 34 progenies involved S-c allele. There were ScS2 alleles in the Paviot genotype and S20S52 alleles in the Levent genotype. It was determined that there were S2S20, S2S52, ScS20, and ScS52 alleles in 89 F-1 progenies and the distribution of the four alleles in the progenies was found to be as follows: 35.9% S2S20, 25.8% S2S52, 23.6% ScS20, and 14.6% ScS52. F-1 progenies nos. 41, 46, 86, and 89 should be used as pollinators in further breeding studies.
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    Genetic Relatedness in Prunus Genus Revealed by Inter-simple Sequence Repeat Markers
    (Amer Soc Horticultural Science, 2009) Yilmaz, Kadir Ugurtan; Ercisli, Sezai; Asma, Bayram Murat; Dogan, Yildiz; Kafkas, Salih
    Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 16 genotypes from subgenus Prunus (six genotypes from section Prunophora, seven genotypes from section Armeniaca and two plumcot genotypes, and one genotype from subgenus Cerasus) in Prunus genus. From the polymerase chain reaction amplifications with 20 ISSR primers showing polymorphism among subgenera and sections, 180 polymorphic ISSR bands were detected and polymorphism ratio ranged from 57% to 100%. Based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using the Jaccard coefficient, a dendrogram and three-dimensional plot were constructed including genotypes in Prunus genus. Two main groups formed in the dendrogram; one of them (Cluster I) included Cerasus, whereas Cluster II included Prunus. Cluster II also divided into three subgroups, including sections Prunophora, Armeniaca, and plumcot. Both UPGMA and the PCoA demonstrated that Armeniaca genotypes had lower genetic variation and plumcot genotypes are closer to the plums than the apricots. The ISSR-based phylogeny was generally consistent with Prunus taxonomy based on molecular evidence, suggesting the applicability of ISSR analysis for genotypic and phylogenetic studies in Prunus genus.
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    Inheritance of S-genotypes in Paviot x Kabaasi apricot F1 progenies
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kafkas, Salih; Asma, Bayram Murat
    Self-incompatibility plays an important role in the fertilization of fruit species such as apricot. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) shows gametophytic self-incompatibility, which is controlled by a multi-allelic S-locus. In this study, S-alleles of 77 F-1 progenies derived from Paviot, which is one of the French local cultivars, and Kabaasi, one of the most important Turkish dried apricot cultivars, parents were identified by S-RNase intron regions polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. The results from the S-allele PCR analysis revealed that the Paviot female parent had an ScS2 genotype and the Kabaasi male parent had S1S9 alleles. Forty-three of the F-1 progenies showed self-compatibility allele (S-c) by having either ScS9 or ScS1 alleles. Thirty-four of the F-1 progenies were self-incompatible by having either S2S1 or S2S9 alleles. The distributions of detected alleles in F-1 progenies were determined as follows: ScS1 31.2%, S1S2 27.3%, ScS9 24.7% and S2S9 16.8%. The results from the study are relevant for the data obtained in apricot breeding programmes in the selection of crossing combinations and in the establishment of commercial orchards.
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    S_allele identification and genetic diversity analysis of apricot cultivars
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kafkas, Salih; Asma, Bayram Murat; Topcu, Hayat
    In this study, the sexual incompatibility and S-allele diversity of 24 Turkish apricot cultivars, Paviot and Sakt-1 as parents and 127 F-1 progenies were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques. Additionally, genetic diversity and relatedness among the 24 cultivars were determined using 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the genus Prunus. PCR for S_alleles identified nine different S-RNase alleles in the 24 apricot cultivars, namely S-c, S-1, S-2, S-8, S-9, S-20, S-24, S-52, and S-53. All primers amplified only one S_allele in the cultivars Adilcevaz-1, Adilcevaz-3, Ethembey, Pasamismisi, Canakkale, and Soganci. Most of the Turkish cultivars were self-incompatible. The S-c allele was present in only three cultivars (Canakkale, Ethembey, Imrahor) that are, therefore, self-compatible. The S_alleles of cultivars Paviot and Sakt-1 displayed homology with the S-c, S-2 and S-20, and S-52 alleles. In the 127 F-1 genotypes, the two S_alleles of Paviot were inherited by roughly half of the offspring, while about 76% of the offspring inherited the S-52 allele from Sakt-1, and less than 24% inherited S-20. The amplification using all SSR 18 primers was successful and produced 128 polymorphic alleles with an average of 7.11 alleles per locus. Among the apricot cultivars studied, expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.33 to 0.72, observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.42 to 1.00, PIC values were between 0.28 and 0.89, and similarity rates were between 0.30 and 0.68. The cultivars Levent and Ozal were genetically closest (0.68) while cultivars Sakt-3 and Soganc were the most distinct (0.30).