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Öğe The beneficial effects of 18?-glycyrrhetinic acid on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mouse model(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Kamisli, Suat; Ciftci, Osman; Taslidere, Asli; Turkmen, Nese Basak; Ozcan, CemalAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice. GA is a natural substance found in the root of licorice and is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Materials and methods: A total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided equally into four groups: (1) Control, (2) EAE, (3) GA and (4) GAthornEAE. 14 days after induction of EAE with MOG35-55 and pertussis toxin, mice were treated with GA at doses of 100 mg/kg/day for 7 days intraperitoneally. Results: To our results, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidations (elevated TBARS levels, decreased GPx, SOD, CAT, and GSH levels) were significantly (p<. 01) increased, causing EAE in brain tissue. Also, histopathological damage (Caspase-3 and IL-17 activity, p <=.01) and cytokine levels (TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, p<. 01) were induced with EAE in mice brain tissue. On the other hand, GA treatment significantly (p<. 01) reversed oxidative histological and immunological alterations caused by EAE. Conclusions: In conclusion, the GA treatment can protect the brain tissue against EAE in mice with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Öğe Brain Perfusion MRI Findings in Patients with Behcet's Disease(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012) Alkan, Alpay; Goktan, Asli; Karincaoglu, Yelda; Kamisli, Suat; Dogan, Metin; Oztanir, Namik; Turan, NergizObjective. To search brain perfusion MRI (pMRI) changes in Behcet's disease (BD) with or without neurological involvement. Materials and Method. The pMRI were performed in 34 patients with BD and 16 healthy controls. Based on neurologic examination and post-contrast MRI, 12 patients were classified as Neuro-Behcet (group 1, NBD) and 22 patients as BD without neurological involvement (group 2). Mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were obtained and compared to those of healthy control group (group 3). Results. There was a significant difference in the MTT and rCBF within the pons and parietal cortex in groups 1 and 2. rCBV increased in cerebral pedicle in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3. In the temporal lobe white matter, prolonged MTT and decreased rCBF were found in groups 1 and 2. In the corpus striatum, internal capsule, and periventricular white matter, rCBF increased in group 1 compared with group 3 and decreased in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion. Brain pMRI is a very sensitive method to detect brain involvement in patients with BD and aids the clinical diagnosis of NBD, especially in patients with negative MRI findings.Öğe A Case Report of AIDS Dementia Complex(Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2013) Kamisli, Suat; Kamisli, Ozden; Gonullu, Sinan; Ciplak, SibelInvolvement of nervous system is frequently seen in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is characterized by progressive decline of cognitive and psychomotor functions, and often occurs in the terminal phase of the disease. While our patient was being followed up with the diagnosis of dementia and parkinsonism, clinical signs rapidly progressed. Other conditions that might cause similar symptoms were searched and the patient was diagnosed with ADC based on the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. Here, we are reporting a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who developed dementia as an initial manifestation.Öğe Comparison of Nerve, Vessel, and Cartilage Grafts in Promoting Peripheral Nerve Regeneration(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Firat, Cemal; Geyik, Yilmaz; Aytekin, Ahmet Hamdi; Gul, Mehmet; Kamisli, Suat; Yigitcan, Birgul; Ozcan, CemalPeripheral nerve injury primarily occurs due to trauma as well as factors such as tumors, inflammatory diseases, congenital deformities, infections, and surgical interventions. The surgical procedure to be performed as treatment depends on the etiology, type of injury, and the anatomic region. The goal of treatment is to minimize loss of function due to motor and sensory nerve loss at the distal part of the injury. Regardless of the cause of the injury, the abnormal nerve regeneration due to incomplete nerve regeneration, optimal treatment of peripheral nerve injuries should provide adequate coaptation of proximal and distal sides without tension, preserving the neurotrophic factors within the repair line. The gold standard for the treatment of nerve defects is the autograft; however, due to denervation of the donor site, scarring, and neuroma formation, many studies have aimed to develop simpler methods, better functional results, and less morbidity. In this study, a defect 1 cm in length was created on the sciatic nerve of rats. The rats were treated with the following procedures: group 1, autograft; group 2, allogeneic aorta graft; group 3, diced cartilage graft in allogeneic aorta graft; and group 4, tubularized cartilage graft in allogeneic aorta graft. Group 5 was the control group. The effects of cartilage tissue in nerve regeneration were evaluated by functional and histomorphological methods. Group 1, for which the repair was performed with an autograft, was evaluated to be the most similar to the control group. There was not a statistically significant difference in myelination and Schwann cell rates between group 2, in which an allogeneic aorta graft was used, and group 3, in which diced cartilage in an allogeneic aorta graft was used. In group 4, myelination and Schwann cell formation were observed; however, they were scattered and irregular, likely due to increased fibrosis. In all of the groups, nerve regeneration at various rates was observed both functionally and histomorphologically. This study demonstrates that cartilage tissue has promoting effects in nerve regeneration.Öğe The Efficacy of Lamotrigine and Levetiracetam Therapy on Serum Lipid Profile in Epilepsy Patients(Kare Publ, 2011) Kamisli, Ozden; Kaplan, Yuksel; Kamisli, Suat; Bakir, Meryem; Ozcan, CemalObjectives: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of two new generation antiepileptics, lamotrigine (LTG) and levetiracetam (LEV), on serum lipid levels, since they are reported to be as effective as classical antiepileptics but with fewer side effects. Methods: We analyzed the files of all epileptic patients who were registered at Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Neurology Department between April 2009 - May 2011 retrospectively. Patients treated with LTG and LEV monotherapy were found and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured. The patients' data were compared with a control group. Results: Twenty-one patients treated with LTG and 20 patients treated with LEV were included in this study. TC, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and HDL values were compared with 21 healthy control subjects. TC, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and HDL values showed no statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Neither LEV nor LTG, which are new generation antiepileptics, affected blood lipid levels. We consider that they are safe to use in patients, especially those with atherosclerosis risk.Öğe Evaluation of Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Patients with Migraine(Turkish Neurological Soc, 2013) Kaplan, Yuksel; Tecellioglu, Mehmet; Kamisli, Ozden; Kamisli, Suat; Ozcan, CemalObjective: Recent studies have indicated that the brain stem may contribute in the pathogenesis of migraine through different mechanisms. In addition to being used mainly in otologic diseases, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) testing is also used in neurological diseases affecting the brain stem such as stroke and multipl sclerosis in the literature. Studies involving VEMP testing in patients with migraine are novel and few in number. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether VEMP values in patients with migraine provide additional information regarding the pathogenesis. Methods: This study included 52 patients with migraine and 52 control subjects. In both patients and controls, VEMP examination was performed using click stimuli, and all responses were recorded for both portions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Latency, amplitude and threshold values of the P1-N1 wave were compared between the two groups. Results: The amplitude of the left p1 was 4.47 +/- 3.52 mu v in patients and 6.15 +/- 4.79 mu v in the controls, and the difference was statistically significant. On the left, the average difference in the P1-N1 amplitude was 9.04 +/- 6.13 mu v in patients and 12.03 +/- 7.79 mu v in the controls; this difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: The available studies on the pathophysiology of migraine show that the brain stem is particularly affected at the upper part. However, VEMP testing is mainly used for the assessment of the neuronal pathway starting from the saccula-macula and finishing at the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the lower brain stem. In this study, the only significant differences in amplitude were found in left-P1 and P1-N1. The results of our study show that in patients with migraine, neuroanatomical structures in the lower brain stem can be asymmetrically affected.Öğe The Evaluation of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Incidence and it's Relationship with Antiepileptic Drugs in Epilepsy Patients(Kare Publ, 2013) Kamisli, Ozden; Kamisli, Suat; Kartalci, Sukru; Bakir, Meryem; Kaplan, Yuksel; Ozcan, CemalObjectives: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition characterized by psychiatric and somatic symptoms commonly seen in women of childbearing age. There are few studies investigating the prevalence of PMDD in patients with epilepsy. In this study we investigate the frequency of PMDD in epilepsy patients and evaluate the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and PMDD. Methods: The subjects were 93 women with epilepsy and 30 controls. Patients were divided into five subgroups according to their medications as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproic acide, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam. Each group were examined for the frequency of PMDD. In addition, the incidence of PMDD was compared according to antiepileptic drugs in subgroups. Results: The frequency of PMDD was similar in patients with and without epilepsy. Focal epilepsy group, especially temporal lobe epilepsy, has a higher incidence of PMDD, but similar results were also found in women without epilepsy. Looking at the relationship between antiepileptic treatments and PMDD, patients treated with lamotrigine had the lowest frequency. Conclusion: The frequency of PMDD was similar in patients with and without epilepsy. Focal epilepsy patients, especially temporal lobe epilepsy patients, had a higher incidence of PMDD. The LTG group had the lowest rate of PMDD. In terms of PMDD, LTG may be beneficial for young women with epilepsy.Öğe The evaluation of sensory gating with P50 paradigm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2012) Kamisli, Ozden; Ermis, Hilal; Kamisli, Suat; Gulbas, Gazi; Ozcan, Cemal[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Evaluation of Vertebral Artery Involvement by Doppler Sonography in Patients With Behcet Disease(Wiley, 2014) Tasolar, Sevgi; Dogan, Metin; Tasolar, Hakan; Kahraman, Aysegul; Kamisli, Suat; Dogan, Adil; Yildirim, OkanObjectives-Neurologic lesions in Behcet disease are most frequently observed in areas supplied by the vertebrobasilar system. We aimed to evaluate possible vertebral artery involvement by Doppler sonography in patients with Behcet disease. Methods-Forty-five patients with Behcet disease and 29 healthy volunteers had Doppler sonography of the vertebral arteries. Patients were grouped according to neurologic examination and magnetic resonance imaging findings as follows: group 1, Behcet disease without neurologic involvement; group 2, neuro-Behcet disease; and group 3, control. Results were assessed with a 95% confidence interval. Results-The main findings of our study were as follows: (1) total vertebral artery volume flow was significantly lower in the patient groups than the control group (P < .05); (2) total volume flow was lower in group 2 than group 1, although the difference was not statistically significant; (3) peak systolic and end-diastolic velocity values were significantly lower in the patient groups than the control group; (4) right and left mean volume values were lower in group 2; and (5) resistive and pulsatility index values for the left vertebral artery were significantly higher in group 2, but no statistically significant differences were found in the resistive and pulsatility index values for the right vertebral artery. Conclusions-Doppler sonography of the vertebral arteries in Behcet disease shows alterations that may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.Öğe The Evaluation of Vertebrobasilar Artery System in Neuro-Behcet and Behcet Disease using Magnetic Resonance Angiography(Wiley, 2014) Kose, Evren; Kamisli, Suat; Dogan, Metin; Tasolar, Sevgi; Kahraman, Aysegul; Oztanir, Mustafa Namik; Sener, SerpilThe aim of this study is the evaluation of the vertebrobasilar artery system in patients with Behcet's and Neuro-Behcet's disease. For this aim; 20 adults with clinically diagnosed Behcet's disease, 20 adults with Neuro-Behcet's disease, and 19 age-and gender-matched controls were examined by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). During MRA, diameters of left vertebral artery (LVA), right vertebral artery (RVA), basilar artery (BA), and proximal segment (P1) of posterior cerebral artery between origin and junction with the posterior communicating artery were measured. In all groups, LVA was dominant than RVA (P < 0.05). The diameters of BA and right P1 of Neuro-Behcet's disease were larger than the other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the diameters of left P1 of Neuro-Behcet's disease were larger but not statistically significant. There is no difference between the groups in terms of gender. Behcet's disease can affect vascular structures; therefore vertebrobasilar artery system should be examined in patients with Behcet's and Neuro-Behcet's disease. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Fish oil protects the peripheral and central nervous systems against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity(Maney Publishing, 2014) Kamisli, Suat; Ciftci, Osman; Cetin, Asli; Kaya, Kursat; Kamisli, Ozden; Celik, HamitObjective: The protective effects of fish oil (FO) on cisplatin (CP)-induced central and peripheral neurotoxicity were investigated in rats. Methods: Rats (n = 28) were divided equally into four groups, the first group was kept as a control. In the second and third groups, CP and FO were given at doses of 7 mg/kg and 1 softgel/rat/day, respectively. In the fourth group, CP and FO were given together at the same doses. Results: Although CP caused significant oxidative damage, via induction of lipid peroxidation and reduction in the antioxidant defense system potency, FO treatment largely reversed these effects. CP also resulted in histopathological damage, such as apoptosis, and electromyographical changes in the sciatic nerve. FO treatment partially prevented the histopathological and electromyographical effects of CP. Discussion: CP has severe central and peripheral neurotoxic effects in rats and these effects were largely prevented by FO treatment. Thus, it appears that co-administration of FO with CP may be a useful approach to attenuate the negative effects of CP on the nervous system.Öğe Hesperidin protects brain and sciatic nerve tissues against cisplatin-induced oxidative, histological and electromyographical side effects in rats(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Kamisli, Suat; Ciftci, Osman; Kaya, Kursat; Cetin, Asli; Kamisli, Ozden; Ozcan, CemalIn the present study, the beneficial effect of hesperidin (HP), a citrus flavonoid, on cisplatin (CP)-induced neurotoxicity was investigated. A total of 28 rats were equally divided into four groups; the first group was kept as control. In the second and third groups, CP and HP were given at the doses of 7 and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the fourth group, CP and HP were given together at the same doses. The results indicated that although CP caused significant induction of lipid peroxidations and reduction in the antioxidant defense system potency in the brain and sciatic nerve, HP prevented these effects of CP. Besides, CP led to histopathological damage, mainly apoptosis, as well as electromyographical (EMG) changes in sciatic nerve. On the other hand, HP treatment reversed histopathological and EMG effects of CP. In conclusion, CP had severe dose-limiting neurotoxic effects and these effects of CP can be prevented by HP treatment. Thus, it appears that coadministration of HP with CP may be a useful approach to attenuate the negative effects of CP on the nervous system.Öğe Investigation of neuromuscular transmission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A preliminary report(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2012) Kaplan, Yuksel; Gulbas, Gazi; Ermis, Hilal; Kamisli, Ozden; Kamisli, Suat; Ozcan, Cemal[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Jaffe Campanacci Syndrome and Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus: A Case Report(Galenos Yayincilik, 2010) Kamisli, Ozden; Kamisli, Suat; Altinayar, Sibel; Kablan, Yueksel; Ozcan, CemalJaffe-Campanacci syndrome consists of non-ossifying fibromas of the bones and cafe au lait spots. Mental retardation is also observed in some patients. Non-convulsive status epilepticus may be associated with various diseases. However, to our knowledge, no association between these two conditions has been reported in the literature. We report a patient with Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome who developed non-convulsive status epilepticus. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2010; 47: 78-80)Öğe Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis during fingolimod therapy(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Tecellioglu, Mehmet; Kamisli, Ozden; Kamisli, Suat; Erdogmus, Umut Adem; Ozcan, CemalObjective: To describe a case of Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient receiving fingolimod. Methods: This is a case study. Results: Our patient developed acute rhombencephalitis with hydrocephalus induced with Listeria monocytogenes while on fingolimod. Shunt surgery was performed for the hydrocephalus and patient recovered partially after medical and surgical therapy. Conclusion: We describe the first probable case of fingolimod-associated Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Clinicians should be aware of listeriosis and implement measures for its prevention.Öğe Neurological autoantibodies in drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause(Irısh journal of medıcal scıence, 2018) Tecellioglu, Mehmet; Kamisli, Ozden; Kamisli, Suat; Yucel, Fatma Ebru; Ozcan, CemalBackgroundAutoimmune epilepsy is a rarely diagnosed condition. Recognition of the underlying autoimmune condition is important, as these patients can be resistant to antiepileptic drugs.AimsTo determine the autoimmune and oncological antibodies in adult drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause and identify the clinical, radiological, and EEG findings associated with these antibodies according to data in the literature.MethodsEighty-two patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause were prospectively identified. Clinical features were recorded. The levels of anti-voltage-gated potassium channel complex (anti-VGKCc), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), anti-phospholipid IgG and IgM, anti-cardiolipin IgG and IgM, and onconeural antibodies were determined.ResultsSerum antibody positivity suggesting the potential role of autoimmunity in the aetiology was present in 17 patients with resistant epilepsy (22.0%). Multiple antibodies were found in two patients (2.6%). One of these patients (1.3%) had anti-VGKCc and ANA, whereas another (1.3%) had anti-VGKCc and anti-TPO. A single antibody was present in 15 patients (19.5%). Of the 77 patients finally included in the study, 4 had anti-TPO (5.2%), 1 had anti-GAD (1.3%), 4 had anti-VGKCc (5.2%) 8 had ANA (10.3%), and 2 had onconeural antibodies (2.6%) (1 patient had anti-Yo and 1 had anti-MA2/TA). The other antibodies investigated were not detected. EEG abnormality (focal), focal seizure incidence, and frequent seizures were more common in antibody-positive patients.ConclusionAutoimmune factors may be aetiologically relevant in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause, especially if focal seizures are present together with focal EEG abnormality and frequent seizures.Öğe Neurological autoantibodies in drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause(Springer London Ltd, 2018) Tecellioglu, Mehmet; Kamisli, Ozden; Kamisli, Suat; Yucel, Fatma Ebru; Ozcan, CemalBackgroundAutoimmune epilepsy is a rarely diagnosed condition. Recognition of the underlying autoimmune condition is important, as these patients can be resistant to antiepileptic drugs.AimsTo determine the autoimmune and oncological antibodies in adult drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause and identify the clinical, radiological, and EEG findings associated with these antibodies according to data in the literature.MethodsEighty-two patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause were prospectively identified. Clinical features were recorded. The levels of anti-voltage-gated potassium channel complex (anti-VGKCc), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), anti-phospholipid IgG and IgM, anti-cardiolipin IgG and IgM, and onconeural antibodies were determined.ResultsSerum antibody positivity suggesting the potential role of autoimmunity in the aetiology was present in 17 patients with resistant epilepsy (22.0%). Multiple antibodies were found in two patients (2.6%). One of these patients (1.3%) had anti-VGKCc and ANA, whereas another (1.3%) had anti-VGKCc and anti-TPO. A single antibody was present in 15 patients (19.5%). Of the 77 patients finally included in the study, 4 had anti-TPO (5.2%), 1 had anti-GAD (1.3%), 4 had anti-VGKCc (5.2%) 8 had ANA (10.3%), and 2 had onconeural antibodies (2.6%) (1 patient had anti-Yo and 1 had anti-MA2/TA). The other antibodies investigated were not detected. EEG abnormality (focal), focal seizure incidence, and frequent seizures were more common in antibody-positive patients.ConclusionAutoimmune factors may be aetiologically relevant in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause, especially if focal seizures are present together with focal EEG abnormality and frequent seizures.Öğe Neuromuscular transmission in hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(Elsevier, 2013) Gulbas, Gazi; Kaplan, Yuksel; Kamisli, Ozden; Ermis, Hilal; Kamisli, Suat; Ozcan, CemalMany studies have focused on the systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but none has examined neuromuscular junction transmission (NMT). We evaluated NMT dysfunction using single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in patients with COPD. Twenty patients with COPD and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All patients and controls underwent SFEMG. Abnormal NMT was found in seven of 20 patients (35%), but in none of the control subjects. The COPD patients were subgrouped according to the presence of hypoxemia. The patients with normoxemia were classified as Group 1, and the patients with hypoxemia were classified as Group 2. Abnormal NMT was found in six patients in Group 2 and in one in Group 1. While there was significant difference in terms of abnormal NMT between Group 2 and the controls, there was none between Group 1 and the controls. Our results show that NMT abnormalities can be present in hypoxemic patients with COPD. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe A Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Case Presenting with the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion(Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2019) Algul, Fatma Ebru; Kamisli, SuatThe syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is one of the most important causes of hyponatremia. SIADH has been associated many clinical states, syndromes and many other central nervous disorders. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are also a few of these. NMO is a demyelinating autoimmune disorder affected the brainstem and hypothalamus where express high levels of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) protein. Although detecting antiaquaporin-4 antibody positive is important for the diagnosis, some NMO and NMOSD patients show seronegative AQP-4 antibody results. We report a seronegative NMO spectrum disorder case presenting with the SIADH.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of the new Na channel blocker rs100642 in global ischemic brain injury(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2019) Kamisli, Suat; Basaran, Cenk; Batcioglu, Kadir; Oztanir, Mustafa Namik; Gul, Mehmet; Satilmis, Basri; Uyumlu, Ayse BurcinIntroduction: RS100642, a mexiletine analogue, is a novel sodium channel blocker with neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. The protectivity of RS100642, which has been shown against focal cerebral ischemia, was investigated in global cerebral ischemia in this study. Material and methods: Global cerebral ischemia was induced for five minutes in adult male Wistar Albino rats via the 4-vessel occlusion method. Intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg RS100642 following reperfusion for 30 min (RS100642 group) was compared with a sham treatment group (ischemia group) and nonischemized group (control) histologically based on morphology and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and biochemically based both on measurement of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities and on assessment of apoptosis including caspase-3 and -8 activities and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels at the end of 6 h. Results: While the RS100642 group had significantly lower MDA levels and higher SOD activities than the sham treatment group (p < 0.05), GPx and CAT activities of the RS100642 and sham treatment groups were similar (p > 0.05) and significantly lower than those of the controls (p < 0.05). Necrosis and caspase-3 activity and immunoreactivity in the RS100642 group were significantly lower than those in the sham treatment group (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between groups regarding caspase-8 and TNF-alpha (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Na+ channel blockade by RS100642 has remarkable neuroprotective effects following global brain ischemia/reperfusion damage. Further research is required to determine the optimum dose and time of administration.
