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    Definition and prevalence over the years of polypharmacy in Turkey: A systematic review
    (Marmara Univ, 2023) Goncuoglu, Cansu; Ozdemir, Nesligul; Kara, Emre; Bayraktar-Ekincioglu, Aygin
    Identification of the trend of polypharmacy over the years is as valuable as determining the common definitions for taking precautions. The aim of this systematic review is to reveal the frequency, commonly used definitions and its change over the years of polypharmacy in Turkey. The reporting of this systematic review follows to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) checklist. The MEDLINE and ULAKBIM TR Dizin databases were searched for relevant studies published until April, 2021. The studies conducted with patients >18 years in Turkey were included. A total of 361 articles were identified and 52 articles met the inclusion criteria. The most common definition of polypharmacy was 'combination of 5 or more drugs', followed by the definitions of 'two or more drugs' to '10 or more drugs; and its prevalence ranged between 9% and 95% in the studies. It was determined that the most commonly used definition of polypharmacy was 'the use of 5 or more drugs'. The prevalence of polypharmacy in Turkey was appeared in a wide range and found higher than the studies in the literature. The prevalence and trends of polypharmacy over the years should be carefully observed, inappropriate use of medicines should be examined and necessary precautions should be taken accordingly.
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    Factors associated with intention of clinical pharmacists and candidates to provide pharmaceutical care: application of theory planned behaviour
    (Bmc, 2023) Tecen-Yucel, Kamer; Ozdemir, Nesligul; Kara, Emre; Demirkan, Kutay; Sancar, Mesut; Okuyan, Betul
    Background Postgraduate education programs in clinical pharmacy have become widespread in Turkiye. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the intention of Turkish clinical pharmacists and candidates (who were graduates and students of postgraduate clinical pharmacy programs) to provide pharmaceutical care.Methods This prospective observational study was conducted between June 2021 and May 2022. After searching relevant studies, an expert panel discussion, translation, cultural adaptation, and a pilot study developed a 52-item Turkish scale based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP). Cronbach alpha for each construct was calculated after an explanatory factor and test-retest reliability analysis. An online survey link was sent to all graduates or candidates of postgraduate clinical pharmacy programs in Turkiye. After univariate regression analysis, the multiple linear regression model was performed.Results One hundred fifty-six participants completed the survey (response rate: 59.1%). The Cronbach's alpha for attitude (9 items), subjective norm (6 items), perceived behavioural control (5 items), self-efficacy (6 items), intention (11 items) and past behaviour (15 items) were 0.945, 0.720, 0.751, 0.864, 0.934 and 0.955 respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis found a higher score of the subjective norm (p = 0.016), a higher score of self-efficacy (p < 0.001), younger age (p < 0.001) and having PhD (p = 0.038) were associated with increased intention score.Conclusions It was shown that higher self efficacy and positive beliefs of their peers and other healthcare professionals were associated with their higher intention score for providing pharmaceutical care. Younger age and having a PhD were other factors associated with their intention to provide pharmaceutical care.