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    Characterization of new late-spring-frost-tolerant apricot hybrids: physical and biochemical fruit quality attributes, volatile aroma compounds
    (Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2023) Dogan, Aliseydi; Karaat, Firat Ege; Levent, Okan; Asma, Bayram Murat
    Late spring frosts is one of the most important restricting abiotic stress factors of apricot growing worldwide. In this study; some physical, biochemical fruit quality characteristics and volatile aroma compounds were determined in fresh fruit samples of thirteen late spring frost tolerant apricot hybrids recently obtained from Turkish apricot breeding programme. A wide variation was reported among apricot genotypes in all of the evaluated physical and biochemical fruit characteristics and also volatile aroma compounds. Fruit size varied between 27.2 and 60.5 g, total soluble solids between 13.6 and 17.4 %, total carotene 26.6 and 42.8 (mg.100 g-1), and total phenolics content 354.2 and 673.1 (GAE.100 g-1). A total of 42 flavor components belonging to various flavor compound groups were identified. The main volatile aroma compound groups detected in the assessed apricot genotypes were; aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols, terpenes, acids, and other compounds. Among the detected compounds; Hexanal, 2-Hexenal, 1-Hexanol, 2-Hexen-1-ol, Limonene were the most abundant compounds in terms of concentration. Hexanal varied between 55.8 and 528.5 mu g.kg-1, and 2-Hexen-1-ol changed between 25.7 and 297.9 mu g.kg-1 fresh weight. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations among some aroma compounds and biochemical fruit quality characteristics. Significant correlations were reported for esters with titratable acidity (r=0.79) and total carotene (r=-0.61) and aldehydes were found as highly correlated with total soluble solids (r=-0.69). The results of the study will be beneficial in terms of food analysis, cultivation, and breeding studies of apricot.
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    Determination of Phytochemical Composition in Fruits and Leaves from Different Origins: Black Mulberry, Chokeberry and Elderberry Genotypes
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Zengin, Rukiye; Maras, Zeynep; Ugur, Yilmaz; Oezhan, Onural; Karaat, Firat Ege; Erdogan, Selim
    Black mulberry, chokeberry and elderberry have medicinal properties associated with the presence of phytochemicals which are compounds with potential antioxidant properties. The previously published reports have shown that these compounds significantly affect the course of disease processes by counteracting oxidative stress. In this study, the primary anthocyanins were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Individual phenolic compounds, tocopherols and amygdalin were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Elemental contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The obtained results reveal the significant presence of primary and secondary compounds in the assessed fruits and leaves, with notable variations depending on fruit species and genotypes. The most abundant compounds were phenolic acids and flavonoids. Analyses indicated that chlorogenic acid, rutin, and cyanidin derivatives were predominant phenolic compounds in all fruit species, while phenolic acids and flavonoids were prominent in leaf samples. The highest chlorogenic acid was determined in black mulberry leaves (ranging from 2403.23 to 3542.53 mg/100 g). Generally, the concentration of phenolic compounds were higher in the leaves than in the fruits of the plant. The highest concentration of amygdalin was detected in black mulberry fruits, ranging from 102.12 to 272.46 mg/100 g. Calcium and potassium were the dominant elements in both berries and leaves.
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    'Eylul': A New Late Ripening Apricot Cultivar for Fresh Market
    (Amer Soc Horticultural Science, 2018) Asma, Bayram Murat; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kan, Tuncay; Karaat, Firat Ege; Birhanli, Ogun; Erdogan, Abdullah
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Fruit quality and biochemical characteristics of new early ripening apricots of Turkey
    (Springer, 2021) Cuhaci, Cigdem; Karaat, Firat Ege; Ugur, Yilmaz; Erdogan, Selim; Asma, Bayram Murat
    In this study, the important fruit quality characteristics of 11 early ripening and promising apricot hybrids and reference cultivars recently developed in Turkey were analyzed. A large variation was observed between the genotypes in terms of fruit size (fruit weight ranged from 34.28 to 72.53 g). The total soluble solids which is one of the significant fruit quality parameters for the table apricots, was found between 10.07 and 18.27% and fruit flesh/kernel rate was between 9.6 and 18.42. Epicatechin, rutin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and beta-carotene were found to be the highest bioactive compounds. A large variation was also determined among the genotypes in this regard. ABP-4-23 and ABP-7-12 apricot genotypes were rich with respect to catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin and beta-carotene. The highest catachin and epicatechin contents were obtained in ABP-4-23 (176.76 and 517.45 mg/kg, respectively). In terms of beta-carotene ABP-2-24 and ABP-1-18 presented the highest values (127.45 and 119.54 mg/kg, respectively). Fruit weight was found highly and positively correlated with kernel weight and total soluble solids (r = 0.65 andr = 0.61, respectively). Fruit weight was also found to be moderately correlated with rutin, quercetin, and beta-carotene, while corrrelations was negative for rutin and beta-carotene. Total acidity was moderately correlated with catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and beta-carotene in positive way.
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    New Late Ripening Apricot Genotypes from a Multipurpose Apricot Breeding Programme in Turkey
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2018) Cross, Joanna Marie; Karaat, Firat Ege; Inceoglu, Feyza; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Asma, Bayram Murat
    The harvest season of apricots is short and fruit cannot be protected in cold stores for a long time. For those reasons, apricot production and consumption are lower than in other fruit species. This study was conducted for the purpose of breeding new late ripening apricot varieties. To this aim, a total of 3718 hybrid genotypes of apricots were obtained from 42 crosses. Phenological, pomological and yield analyses were performed and variations of fruit development period, fruit size, polarimetric dry matter (Brix), total acidity, yield and other traits were determined. Two years of results for important traits are given for 12 promising genotypes. Fruit development period varied between 148 and 167 days, fruit weight 25.2 and 41.2 g, Brix 16.3 and 22.6% and total acidity 0.56 and 1.25%.