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    The Impact of Development of Icts on Export: An Empirical Analysis For Turkey
    (Maliye Bakanligi, 2007) Karagoz, Kadir
    The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the development and expansion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have a boosting impact on export in Turkey. In order to test the relation at issue, exports, telecommunication investments, gross domestic product and foreign exchange variables have been used. Results of time series and regression analyses reveal that telecommunication investments have no meaningful impact on export performance, while economic growth and appreciation of US dolar have booster effect on exports.
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    Underground Economy and Tax Evasion Estimates in Turkey
    (Maliye Bakanligi, 2009) Erkus, Hakan; Karagoz, Kadir
    Today, it is widely accepted that gradually large amount of economic activities happen inside the underground economy. Due to its nature, it is impossible to estimate precisely the real size of the underground economy. Therefore, its size can only be estimated indirectly, based on some assumptions. An easy and common method for measuring the size of the underground economy is to use macro data such as money demand or electricity demand to infer what the legitimate economy needs, and then to attribute the remaining consumption to the underground economy. There is a long-standing hypothesis that there is a relationship between taxes and the degree of tax evasion, or the size of underground economy and various theoretical models have been proposed in support of this hypothesis. In this paper, it is aimed to estimate the size of underground economy (via Tanzi's methodology) and in some detail the empirical relationship between the relative size of the underground economy and tax evasion rate in Turkey. The estimations reveal that the size of underground economic activities and tax evasion is following a time path with ups and downs, and reached the 86.73% of formal economy.