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    Genitourinary Cancers Following Kidney Transplant: Our 20 Years of Experience With Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors
    (Baskent Univ, 2022) Karatas, Murat; Okut, Gokalp; Simsek, Cenk; Dogan, Sait Murat; Zengel, Baha; Alkan, Funda Tasli; Tatar, Erhan
    Objectives:We investigated patientswithgenitourinary cancer after kidney transplant and the effects of immunosuppression reduction and switching to mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated kidney transplant recipients seen at our center between January 2000 and January 2020. Patients with <1 year of follow-up were excluded. Results: Of 827 patients, genitourinary cancer was detected in 11 (1.3%): prostate cancer in 5 patients (45%), renal cell carcinoma in native kidney in 3 (27%), renal cell carcinoma in allograft kidney in 2 (18%), and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in 1 (9%). All patients had surgery. Two patients had bone metastasis due to prostate cancer at diagnosis. Two patients had allograft nephrectomy due to de novo renal cell carcinoma. Mean followup and age were 97 +/- 45 months (range, 26-189) and 50 +/- 10.2 years (19% female). After cancer diagnosis, excluding the 2 patients with allograft nephrectomy, immunosuppression was changed in 8 patients (88.8%) (1 patient received the same treatment before and after cancer diagnosis). Six patients received double-drug and 3 received triple-drug protocols. Of 9 patients, 2 were already using mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors before cancer diagnosis and 7 were switched: 4 to double-based and 3 to triplebased regimens. Six were switched from tacrolimus. With new treatments, patients showed no progressive kidney failure or rejection (38 +/- 40 mo average follow-up). At last follow-up, mean glomerular filtration rate was 62.8 +/- 34 mL/min/1.72 m2, which was similar to rate at cancer diagnosis (58.9 +/- 24 mL/ min/1.72 m2; P =.78). During follow-up, no patients developed local recurrence of primary tumor or new metastasis, and none showed adverse effects after switch to mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors. Three patients died of malignancy-unrelated reasons (ileus, urinary sepsis, heart failure). Conclusions: Mechanistictarget of rapamycin inhibitorbased drugs can be an important maintenance immunosuppressive treatment option for kidney transplant recipients with genitourinary cancers.
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    Outcomes of 6 Human Leukocyte Antigen-Mismatched Living Donor Kidney Transplant: A Study With Biopsy Amendment
    (Baskent Univ, 2022) Karatas, Murat; Okut, Gokalp; Simsek, Cenk; Dogan, Sait Murat; Tatar, Erhan; Uslu, Adam
    Objectives: In this study, we examined the graft and patient survival outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease who received 6 HLA-mismatched incompatible living donor kidney transplant. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent living donor kidney transplant between January 2010 and March 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Group A included kidney transplant recipients with 6 HLA mismatches, and group B included kidney transplant recipients with 0 to 5 HLA mismatches. Patients with <1 year of follow-up were excluded. All rejection episodes were diagnosed via Tru-Cut biopsy and histopathological evaluation. Results: There were 15 patients in group A and 176 patients in group B. The mean follow-up was 54.1 +/- 30 months. The number of patients who underwent pretransplant immune desensitization and received tacrolimus-based triple maintenance immunosuppression therapy was significantly higher in group A. In group A, there were 13 acute rejections seen in 9 patients (81%); in group B, there were 67 acute rejections seen in 51 patients (28.9%; P =.019). No differences were observed between the groups in terms of baseline glomerular filtration rate (60 +/- 16 vs 61.6 +/- 20 mL/min/1.72 m(2); P =.76), final control glomerular filtration rate (60.7 +/- 15 vs 58 +/- 19 mL/ min/1.72 m(2); P =.59), graft loss (0% vs 4%; P =.94), and mortality (6.6% vs 3%; P =.39). Conclusions: The presence of 6 HLA mismatches was associated with higher rates of biopsy-proven acute rejection. However, 6 HLA-mismatched incompatible living donor kidney transplant can be safely performed in centers where posttransplant followup is supported by indication and protocol biopsies and where there is a pathological infrastructure with extensive knowledge and experience.