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    Gallic acid liposome and powder gels improved wound healing in wistar rats
    (2019) Karatas, Ozkan; Gevrek, Fikret
    Aim: Gallic acid is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent which could provide beneficial effects in preventing periodontal inflammation and improve wound healing. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of gallic acid on experimental palatal wound model in Wistar rats.Material and Methods: 60 female Wistar rats were divided into three main study groups as the control group (C, n=24), gallic acid powder gel administered group (GP, n=18), and gallic acid liposome administered group (GL, n=18). Standardized palatal wounds of 5-mm diameter were created in all rats. Control rats received vehicle gel, and the other groups received either GP or GL gels. Control rats were sacrificed on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. GP and GL groups were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and fibroblast cell counts and inflammatory cell infiltration in the wound area were evaluated. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expressions were determined via immunohistochemistry.Results: C, GP, and GL groups had a similar decrease in wound area apart from 21st day, which GL had significantly lower wound area compared to the control group. Unhealed wound area was significantly lower on the 14th and 21st days in gallic acid groups. GP and GL groups had significantly higher fibroblast cell counts on all days compared to the C group. GL had significantly highest counts even compared to GP groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration was higher on the 7th day compared to14th and 21st days in all groups. Gallic acid groups exhibited lower inflammatory cell counts on 7th and 21st days. TGF-β levels significantly increased in GP and GL groups on 7th and 14th days. Conclusion: Within limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that gallic acid in both powder and liposome forms increased fibroblast cell counts and decreased late inflammation along with increased TGF-β expressions in the wound healing process.
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    Topical quercetin gel application improved wound healing in Wistar rats
    (2019) Taskan, Mehmet Murat; Balci Yuce, Hatice; Karatas, Ozkan; Gevrek, Fikret
    Aim: Quercetin is an antioxidant agent with proven beneficial effects in preventing inflammation. Aim of present study was to evaluate effects of quercetin gel on a secondary intention wound healing model in Wistar rats.Material and Methods: 42 Wistar rats were divided into two groups, one group administered quercetin gel (Q, n=18) while other administered vehicle (C, n=24). 5-mm diameter palatal wounds were created in each rat and all rats were given either quercetin gel or vehicle daily until sacrification days. Gel contained 5% quercetin, 5% benzocaine and glycerin, and each rat administered 0.2 ml of gel every day. Rats were sacrificed at 0th day, 7th day, 14th day, and 21st day. Fibroblast cell counts and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated on hematoxylin-eosin stained sections. Collagen type I and III were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.Results: Wound area decreased from day 0 to day 21 in both groups. Significant differences in wound contraction and unhealed wound area were observed between 7th and 21th days in both groups. Improvement in wound area in morphological measurements was similar in both quercetin and control groups except for 21st day on which quercetin exhibited higher wound closure. Histological findings showed significantly higher fibroblast cell counts on 7th, 14th, and 21st days in the quercetin group and difference in both quercetin. Inflammatory cell counts significantly decreased from day 0 to 21 in both groups. Collagen I synthesis were lowest on the 0th day and significantly increased on all other times in both groups. As for collagen III, the levels were highest on 7th day in both groups and significantly decreased on the 14th and 21st day. Conclusion: Present results revealed an improvement in wound healing after quercetin administration which was indicated by decreased inflammatory cells and increased fibroblast cells. However, collagen synthesis was found similar.