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Öğe Growth, nutrient uptake, and yieldpromotion of broccoli by plantgrowth promoting rhizobacteriawith manure(American Society for Horticultural Science, 2011) Yildirim E.; Karlidag H.; Turan M.; Dursun A.; Goktepe F.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of root inoculations with Bacillus cereus (N2-fixing), Brevibacillus reuszeri (P-solubilizing), and Rhizobium rubi(both N2-fixing and P-solubilizing) on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of broccoliin comparison with manure (control) and mineral fertilizer application under fieldconditions in 2009 and 2010. Bacterial inoculations with manure compared with controlsignificantly increased yield, plant weight, head diameter, chlorophyll content, nitrogen(N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe),manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) content of broccoli. The lowest yield perplant, plant weight, steam diameter, and chlorophyll content were recorded in thecontrol, but the manure with Bacillus cereus (BC), Rhizobium rubi (RR), and Brevibacillusreuszeri (BR) inoculations increased yield 17.0%, 20.2%, and 24.3% andchlorophyll content by 14.7%, 14.0%, and 13.7% over control, respectively. Bacterialinoculations with manure significantly increased uptake of macronutrients and micronutrientsby broccoli. In conclusion, seedling inoculation with BR and especially RR maypartially substitute costly synthetic fertilizers in broccoli.Öğe Heavy metal levels of mulberry (Morus alba L.) grown at different distances from the roadsides(2012) Pehluvan M.; Karlidag H.; Turan M.The heavy metals pollution of mulberry cultivated soil, mulberry leaf and fruit, growing at different distances from the roadside were investigated in the Upper Coruh Valley of Turkey. The rate of heavy metals in soil, leaf and fruit were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). All of the heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni) were found in soil and parts of plant and their highest level at a distance of 20 m from the roadside. At a distance of 20 m from the roadside, the soil was found to be contaminated by Zn (330.7 mg kg-1), Cu (217.5 mg kg-1), Pb (500.2 mg kg-1) and Cd (4.24 mg kg-1) pollutants. The concentration of Pb in mulberry fruit was found to be more than the permissible limits at a 20 and 100 m distances from the roadside with its 0.467 and 0.419 mg kg-1 values, respectively. At all of distances, the concentration of Ni in fruit was found higher than the permissible limits. The results reflected a strong relationship between soil and fruits for contamination with some heavy metals.Öğe Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria mitigate deleterious effects of salt stress on strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa)(American Society for Horticultural Science, 2013) Karlidag H.; Yildirim E.; Turan M.; Pehluvan M.; Donmez F.The effect of selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient element content, and yield of strawberry plants under natural field salinity conditions stress was investigated. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with five PGPRs (Bacillus subtilis EY2, Bacillus atrophaeus EY6, Bacillus spharicus GC subgroup B EY30, Staphylococcus kloosii EY37, and Kocuria erythromyxa EY43) and a control (no PGPR) in 2009 and 2010. PGPR inoculations significantly increased the growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient element content, and yield of strawberry plants. PGPR treatments lowered electrolyte leakage of plants under saline conditions. The leaf relative water content (LRWC) of plants rose with bacterial inoculation. All nutrient element contents of leaves and roots investigated were significantly increased with PGPR inoculations with the exception of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). The highest efficiency to alleviate salinity stress on the yield and nutrient uptake of strawberry plants was obtained from EY43 (228 g per plant) and EY37 (225 g per plant) treatment and the yield increasing ratio of plants was 48% for EY43 and 46% for EY 37 compared with the control treatment (154 g per plant). The highest nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) concentrations were obtained from EY43 and followed by E6, E37, and E30, and increasing ratio of leaves and root N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Cu, and Fe contents were 22% to 33%, 34% to 8.8%, 89% to 11%,11.0% to 7.2%, 5.1% to 6.2%, 97% to 65%, 120% to 140%, 300% to 15%, and 111% to 9.0%, respectively. The results of the study suggested that PGPR inoculations could alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress conditions on the growth and yield of strawberry plants under salinity conditions.Öğe Salt tolerance of Physalis during germination and seedling growth(2011) Yildirim E.; Karlidag H.; Dursun A.The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of NaCl salinity on germination and emergence of Physalis ixocarpa and Physalis peruviana. Seeds of P. ixocarpa and P. peruviana were germinated by the use of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 mM NaCl solutions in petri dishes. Final germination percentage (FGP) decreased with the increase in NaCl concentration. Both species germinated at the ranges of salinity. P. peruviana gave the greater germination percentages under salt stress than P. ixocarpa. NaCl salinity at different concentrations adversely affected germination rates. For seedling growth, seeds of both species were sown at 10 mm depth in plastic trays filled with peat to determine final emergence percentage (FEP). The trays were irrigated manually to saturation every day with 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 or 180 mM NaCl solutions to maintain the level of salinity. Salinity affected seed emergence and seedlings growth more than seed germination. The study showed that no emergence of Physalis was observed at 90, 120 and 180 mM NaCl salinity. Fresh and dry weights of normal seedlings were also evaluated. Salt stress significantly decreased the plant fresh and dry weight of both species. Based on the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that seedling emergence and growth is more sensitive to salt stress than seed germination in Physalis.
