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    3D Modeling of Ripping Process
    (Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2008) Basarir, Hakan; Karpuz, Celal; Tutluoglu, Levent
    Due to environmental constraints and limitations on blasting, ripping as a ground loosening and breaking method has become more popular than drilling and blasting method in both mining and civil engineering applications. The best way of estimating the rippability of rocks is to conduct direct ripping runs in the field. However, it is not possible to conduct direct ripping runs in all sites using different dozer types. Therefore, the utilization of numerical modeling of ripping systems becomes unavoidable. A complex ripping system can better be understood with three-dimensional (3D) models rather than two-dimensional models. In this study, 3D distinct element program called 3DEC was used to investigate the ripping process. First, the ripping mechanisms were investigated and then the individual factors that affect the rippability performance of dozers were reviewed. The rippabilities of rocks depend not only on the rock properties, but also machine or dozer properties. Thus, ripper production and rock rippability with D8 type of dozers were also determined by direct ripping runs on different open pit lignite mines within the scope of this research. Production values obtained from numerical modeling were compared with field production values obtained from the case studies. This comparison shows that the model gives consistent and adequate results. Hence, a link has been established between the field results and the 3D models.
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    Geostatistical modeling of spatial variability of SPT data for a borax stockpile site
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2010) Basarir, Hakan; Kumral, Mustafa; Karpuz, Celal; Tutluoglu, Levent
    The major borax producer, Eti Mining Co. of Turkey, planned to construct an export stock site located near the Bandirma Harbor in the northwestern of Turkey. During this construction, some stability problems were encountered. To analyze the stability problems and to assess the engineering properties of soil in the stock site geotechnical investigations were started. As a part of geotechnical investigations one of the most common field tests, the standard penetration tests (SPT), was conducted for soil exploration. In this study, the field is geostatistically simulated to assess the uncertainty associated with the spatial variability of SPT results. Multiple probable realizations of SPT values are generated using sequential Gaussian simulation. Using 122 NSPT data in the borax stockpile site, the characteristics observed in the available data are reproduced in a manner that the heterogeneity of SPT within the field is honored. The estimated NSPT data can also be used for other purposes such as determination of bearing capacity, and estimation of soil strength parameters. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.