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    Obesity and Nutritional Vulnerability in long COVID: A Neuroinflammatory and Cognitive Perspective
    (Springernature, 2026) Bozkir, Cigdem; Kartal, Tugce; Hokelek, Busra
    Purpose of ReviewTo examine the interplay between obesity, nutritional vulnerability, and long COVID, with a particular focus on neuroinflammatory and cognitive outcomes. This review synthesizes emerging evidence on shared pathophysiological pathways and evaluates the therapeutic potential of dietary and weight management strategies.Recent FindingsCognitive symptoms such as brain fog and memory deficits are among the most persistent and disabling features of long COVID. Obesity is associated with more severe manifestations through pathways involving chronic systemic inflammation, compromised blood-brain barrier integrity, and neuroimmune dysregulation. Concurrently, malnutrition and poor diet quality including low intake of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and micronutrients may impair neuroplasticity and delay recovery. Interventions such as Mediterranean and ketogenic dietary patterns, as well as structured weight loss programs, show promise in reducing inflammation and improving cognitive outcomes.SummaryObesity and suboptimal nutritional status amplify the neurocognitive burden of long COVID through shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Integrated care models that incorporate metabolic screening, nutritional assessment, and individualized dietary interventions may improve recovery trajectories. Public health strategies that address food quality, obesity prevention, and equitable access to nutrition care are essential for long-term resilience in the post-COVID era.
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    The role of caregivers' self-compassion in care recipients' depression and malnutrition: a cross-sectional study
    (Bmc, 2025) Bozkir, Cigdem; Tekin, Cigdem; Kartal, Tugce
    Background Social isolation among older adults receiving home care may adversely affect their psychological and nutritional status. As care recipients are externally dependent, their health outcomes should not be evaluated independently of caregivers. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between caregivers' self-compassion and the nutritional and depression status of care recipients. Methods A total of 382 elderly individuals (aged >= 65 years) receiving home care and their primary caregivers in Malatya, T & uuml;rkiye, were included. Data were collected through structured interviews using validated Turkish versions of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF), and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Independent and dependent variables included caregivers' SCS scores and care recipients' GDS-SF and MNA-SF scores, respectively. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions to control for confounders. Results Caregivers had a mean SCS score of 16.79 +/- 2.11. Care recipients had a mean GDS-SF score of 7.30 +/- 3.16, with 49.2% experiencing mild depression, and a mean MNA-SF score of 9.52 +/- 2.70, with 58.4% at risk of malnutrition. SCS scores were positively correlated with MNA-SF (r = 0.241, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with GDS-SF (r = -0.147, p < 0.01). In multiple regression models, caregiver self-compassion significantly predicted better nutritional outcomes (beta = 0.175, p < 0.001) but not depression outcomes (beta = -0.068, p = 0.172) in care recipients. Conclusions Higher self-compassion in caregivers is associated with improved nutritional status in elderly care recipients. Supporting caregivers' psychological resilience could enhance home care outcomes.