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    EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND SELENIUM ON ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF AVENA SATIVA L. UNDER FENOXAPROP-P-ETHYL STRESS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Yigit, Emel; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Bayram, Dilek; Kaya, Armagan; Gok, Yetkin
    The present study focuses on understanding the role of different antioxidants in plant defense against oxidative stress caused by fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide. Besides ameliorative effect of exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) and selenium (Se) on fenoxaprop-p-ethyl-induced toxicity was examined in Avena sativa L. It was determined that the MDA (malondialdehyde) content in the groups to which only herbicide was applied was higher than that of the groups to which SA and Se applied together with the herbicide. In plants exposed to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, the activities of peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and content of glutathione (GSH) increased in the treatment groups compared to the control groups. The antioxidant activity increased in the control and treatment groups that were pre-treated with SA and Se compared to the groups that were not pre-treated with SA and Se. While catalase activity (CAT) decreased in SA pre-treated plants, it increased in Se pre-treated plants. These results indicate that the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl induces various plant defense responses in target plants and that treatment with exogenous SA and Se can increase stress resistance by altering these responses.
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    THE EFFECTS OF REACTIVE BLACK 5 TEXTILE DYE ON PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. CV. GINA
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, Emel; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker
    This study examined the effects of reactive black 5 (RB5) on peroxidase, lipid peroxidation and total chlorophyll content of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Gina. The beans were exposed to 200, 260, 338, 439, 571, 743, 965 and 1255 m/L of RB5. Significant increase in peroxidase activity was identified in RB5-treated plants. The effects of RB5 on lipid peroxidation were analyzed. MDA content of RB5-treated plants was found to be higher in all application groups, except that of 439 mg/L. In addition, it was found that total chlorophyll content increased in all applications when compared to control group. Our findings indicate that RB5 causes significant changes in peroxidase activity, MDA content, and pigment system.
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    THE EFFECTS OF REACTIVE PHTHALOCYANINE BLUE TEXTILE DYE ON PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. CV. GINA
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, Emel; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Ates, Burhan
    In this study, the effects of Reactive Phthalocyanine Blue (RPB) changes on peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and total chlorophyll content of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean) were examined. The beans were exposed to different concentrations of RPB between 200-1255 mg/L. In the analyzed plants, different effects were observed on peroxidase activity. When compared to the control group, a significant decrease was identified in the plants which were treated with RPB except for the 1255 mg/L application group. Besides the effects of RPB on MDA content were analyzed. MDA content was found to be lower in all application groups except for 439 mg/L. In addition, total chlorophyll content increased in all application groups except for 338 mg/L when compared to the control group. These findings indicated that RPB caused significant changes in peroxidase activity, MDA content and total chlorophyll. It was shown that the textile dye had a toxic effect on the plants.
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    Effects of salicylic acid and organic selenium on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2018) Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Yigit, Emel; Kaya, Armagan; Aktas, Aydin
    In this study, we evaluated effects of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The wheat plants were grown in pots containing perlite. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was applied to adequately grown T. aestivum plants at determined doses (1 mM, 1.5 mM, 2.2 mM, 3.4 mM and 5.1 mM) via spraying. The effects of this herbicide on some antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, carotenoid, total chlorophyll and total phenolic were investigated on days 1, 5 and 10 following the application. Environmental pollutants cause oxidative stress, production of free radicals and changes in antioxidants. Synthesis of signal molecules such as salicylic acid (SA) is important for the stress response of plants. In addition to this, although selenium is known not to be an obligatory element for plants, low dose selenium has positive effects on the plant growth. We also investigated the effects that are elicited on parameters above mentioned by the treatment of exogenous 0.5 mM SA and 0.004 mM organic selenium (SeI) separately. Our findings reveal that SA and SeI, which are extemally applied before the germination of seeds that are exposed to herbicide stress, becomes effective in reduction of the negative effects of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, with regard to antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, pigment system and total phenolic. When we evaluate the study results, our findings suggest that especially SA plays a protective role on wheat against herbicide stress.
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    INTERACTIONS AMONG GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND GLUTATHIONE CONTENTS IN LEAVES OF Vicia faba L. SUBJECTED TO FLUROCHLORIDONE
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, Emel
    In this study, Vicia sativa L. Selcuk-99 plant was treated with post-emergence flurochloridone in a concentration range of 11-72 mM. The effects of post-emergence flurochloridone treatments upon glutathione levels, glutathione s-transferase and glutathione reductase activities were investigated on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th day after treatment. In the treatment groups, glutathione content, glutathione s-transferase and glutathione reductase activities increased only on the 15th day.
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    The physiological and biochemical effects of salicylic acid on sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) exposed to flurochloridone
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2014) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, Emel
    In this study, we comparatively evaluated the effects of the flurochloridone as well as flurochloridone and exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) on Helianthus annuus L. to find out herbicide-induced toxicity reducing influence of SA. We examined and compared the physiological and biochemical effects of different concentrations of flurochloridone (11, 32 and 72 mM) in both the SA pre-treated and non-treated plants. The plants treated with flurochloridone exhibited reduced total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water content compared to the control group, whereas the plants that were pre-treated with SA exhibited relatively higher values for the same physiological parameters. In the SA non-treated plants, the superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were increased in the treatment groups compared to the control group. In the treatment groups, these enzyme activities were decreased in the SA-pre-treated plants compared to the non-treated plants. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities decreased in the flurochloridone-treated plants compared to the control plants. The ascorbate peroxidase activity increased in the control groups but decreased in the treatment groups in the SA pre-treated plants compared to the non-treated plants. However, SA treatment decreased the activity of catalase in the control and treatment groups compared to the plants that were not treated with SA. Flurochloridone treatment increased the malondialdehyde content in the treated groups compared to the control groups, whereas SA-pretreatment decreased malondialdehyde content compared to plants that were not treated with SA. Flurochloridone treatment increased endogenous SA content compared to the control. Although the residual levels of herbicide in the plants increased proportionately with increasing herbicide concentrations, the SA-pre-treated plants exhibited reduced residual herbicide levels compared to the plants that were not treated with SA. These results indicate that the flurochloridone induces various physiological and biochemical responses in non-target plants and that treatment with exogenous SA can increase stress resistance by altering these responses. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.