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    Characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici postbiotic and impact of postbiotic-fortified chitosan coating on the microbial and chemical quality of chicken breast fillets
    (Elsevier, 2021) Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Karatepe, Pinar; Akgol, Muzeyyen; Kaya, Busra; Kanmaz, Hilal; Hayaloglu, Ali Adnan
    This study was carried out to characterize antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and the phenolic and flavonoids profile of postbiotic of Pediococcus acidilactici and to evaluate the effects of postbiotics (10% and 50%) alone and in combination with chitosan coating (1%) on the microbial and chemical quality of chicken breast fillets during storage at 4 degrees C. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the postbiotics were found to be 1291.02 +/- 1.5 mg/L TEAC and 2336.11 +/- 2.36 mg/L GAE, respectively. The most abundant phenolic was vanillic acid, followed by t-caffeic, gallic, and caftaric acids. The postbiotic-chitosan (50% + 1%) combination decreased L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium counts by 1.5 and 2.1 log(10) CFU/g, respectively, compared to the control (P < 0.05). This combination decreased the total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and psychrotrophic bacteria count compared to the control (P < 0.05). No differences were found in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values among the samples during storage (P > 0.05). Postbiotic treatment did not significantly change the pH values and color properties of the breast fillets (P > 0.05). Postbiotic-chitosan combinations extended the shelf-life by up to 12 days compared to the control. In conclusion, the postbiotic-chitosan combination can be used to preserve and improve the microbial quality of chicken meat products.
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    Effect of Rheum ribes L. juice on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium and chemical quality on vacuum packaged raw beef
    (Elsevier, 2021) Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Aydemir, Mehmet Emin; Akgol, Muzeyyen; Kaya, Busra; Kanmaz, Hilal; Oksuztepe, Gulsum; Hayaloglu, Ali Adnan
    The aim of this study was to evaluate Rheum ribes L. juice as a marinade against L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium in vacuum packed raw beef. The juice was used at levels of 10%, 50%, and 100% for different marination times (2, 6 or 24 h). E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium counts in the marinated samples at 100% conc. for 24 h were found as 1.1 and 1.7 log(10) lower than the control group on day 0, respectively (P < 0.05). L. monocytogenes count was found approx. 3.0 log(10) lower than the control group on day 15 (P < 0.05). Total viable count, psychrotrophic bacteria, LAB counts, and pH values were found lower in the 100% conc. marinated samples than control group on day 0 (P < 0.05). A total of 22 volatiles were identified in Rehum ribes L. juice, and ethanol, ethylbenzene and xylene were found as major compounds. Observations showed that the juice exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens depending on the concentrations and marination time. In conclusion, it can be derived that Rheum Ribes L. juice can be used as an acidulant for the decontamination of meat and meat products, and can be a major component of marinades.
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    Impact of chitosan embedded with postbiotics from Pediococcus acidilactici against emerging foodborne pathogens in vacuum-packaged frankfurters during refrigerated storage
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Karatepe, Pinar; Akgol, Muzeyyen; Tekin, Ali; Kanmaz, Hilal; Kaya, Busra; Calicioglu, Mehmet
    The objective of the study was to carry out characterization of postbiotics from Pediococcus acidilactici and to assess their efficacy (50% and 100%) in combination with chitosan (0.5 and 1%) against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters during refrigerated storage for 35 days. High amounts of total phenolic content (1708.15 +/- 93.28 mg GAE/L) and carboxylic acids, which comprised 74.89% of the total volatiles, were found in the postbiotics. On day 0, the postbiotic-chitosan combinations decreased the E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium counts ranging from 1.58 to 3.21 log(10) compared to the control in frankfurters (P < 0.05). Total viable count and number of lactic acid bacteria were effectively reduced in all treatment groups (P < 0.05), and postbiotic and chitosan treatments did not cause any changes in pH and color of the frankfurters. In conclusion, postbiotic-chitosan combinations can be used to reduce the risks that might be associated with E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium in frankfurters.
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    Influence of using different ratios of small ruminants (ovine and caprine) milk on compositional and proteolytic changes during ripening of raw milk lighvan cheese
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Soltani, Mostafa; Saremnezhad, Solmaz; Kanmaz, Hilal; Tekin, Ali; Gokce, Yasemin; Kaya, Busra; Sahingil, Didem
    Lighvan cheese was manufactured using different ratios of ovine and caprine milk (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) and ripened for 90 days. Chemical composition, proteolysis level, total and individual levels of free amino acids, texture and residual coagulant activity were analysed during ripening. Significant decreases in pH and moisture content and significant increases in texture parameters, residual coagulant activity, soluble nitrogen fractions, fat, and protein contents were determined in the cheese manufactured using higher ratios of ovine milk (P <0.05). Differences in gel electrophoresis and RP-HPLC peptide profiles of the cheeses were seen. Leu and Phe were detected as predominant free amino acids in the cheeses during ripening. In conclusion, besides the cheese manufactured using ovine milk alone, the lighvan cheeses made with ovine and caprine milk in the ratios of 75:25 and 50:50 can be introduced as the preferred cheeses because of having proper proteolysis indices and semi-hard texture. (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Inhibitory effect of bioactive compounds derived from freeze-dried paraprobiotic of Pediococcus acidilactici against food-borne pathogens: In-vitro and food model studies
    (Elsevier, 2023) Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Akgol, Muzeyyen; Karatepe, Pinar; Kanmaz, Hilal; Kaya, Busra; Tekin, Ali; Hayaloglu, Ali Adnan
    It was aimed to assess the antimicrobial potential of lyophilized/freeze-dried paraprobiotic (LP) of P. acidilactici against some food-borne pathogens under in-vitro conditions and food model, and determination of bioactive compounds that contribute to the antimicrobial activity of LP. For this purpose, minimum inhibitory concen-tration (MIC), inhibition zones were determined against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The MIC value was 6.25 mg/mL and a 20 & mu;L LP displayed 8.78 to 10.0 mm inhibition zones against these pathogens. In the food matrice challenge, two concentrations of LP (3% and 6%) alone or in combination with EDTA (0.02 M) were added to pathogenic bacteria spiked meatballs, and antimicrobial activity of LP was also determined during refrigerated storage. 6% LP + 0.02 M EDTA treatment provided 1.32 to 3.11 log10 CFU/g reductions in the numbers of these pathogens (P < 0.05). Furthermore, this treatment provided significant reductions on psychrotrophs, TVC, LAB, mold-yeast, and Pseudomonas spp. over the storage (P < 0.05). Regarding characterization results, LP contained contained a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including 5 organic acids (2.15 to 30.64 g/100 g), 19 free amino acids (6.97 to 699.15 mg/100 g), free fatty acids (short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids), 15 polyphenols (0.03 to 383.78 mg/100 g), and some volatile compounds such as pyrazines, pyranone and pyrrole derivatives. These bioactive compounds are not only involved in antimicrobial activity but also contribute to the free radical scavenging activity according to the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. In conclusion, the result revealed that the LP improved the chemical and microbiological quality of foods due to containing biologically-active metabolites involved in antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity.
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    Quantification of Bioactive Metabolites Derived from Cell-Free Supernatant of Pediococcus acidilactici and Screening their Protective Properties in Frankfurters
    (Springer, 2023) Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Akgol, Muzeyyen; Karatepe, Pinar; Uner, Sefa; Tekin, Ali; Kanmaz, Hilal; Kaya, Busra
    The specific aims of the current study were to determine and quantify the bioactive compounds derived from the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Pediococcus acidilactici and screen their protective effect in frankfurters by applying an edible coating. This was achieved by immersing the peeled frankfurters in the CFS (CFS: 50% and 100%) alone or in combination with chitosan (CH: 0.5% and 1%) solutions for 3 min. Untreated frankfurter samples (control) exceeded the maximum acceptable total viable count limit (7.0 log(10)) on the 14th day, whereas samples treated with 100% CFS + 1% chitosan reached the limit on day 28 during refrigerated storage (P < 0.05). This treatment provided a 14-day extension to the shelf life of frankfurters without causing any significant changes in color and sensory attributes (P > 0.05). Additionally, this treatment inhibited oxidation in the frankfurters, leading to no significant changes in TBA and TVB-N within this group during storage (P > 0.05). This protective effect was mainly attributed to the wide variety of bioactive compounds identified in the CFS, including a total of 5 organic acids, 20 free amino acids, 11 free fatty acids, 77 volatiles, and 10 polyphenols. Due to these bioactive compounds, CFS exhibited a strong radical scavenging capacity (DPPH: 435.08 TEAC/L, ABTS: 75.01 +/- 0.14 mg TEAC/L; FRAP: 1.30 +/- 0.03 mM FE/L) and antimicrobial activity against microorganisms primarily responsible for the spoilage of frankfurters. In conclusion, the results indicate that the CFS contains high levels of bioactive metabolites, and an edible chitosan coating impregnated with CFS can be utilized to extend the shelf life of frankfurters through its antimicrobial effects and oxidation stabilization.
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    Whole-Cell Postbiotics: an Innovative Approach for Extending the Shelf Life and Controlling Major Foodborne Pathogens in Chicken Breast Fillets
    (Springer, 2023) Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Akgol, Muezeyyen; Karatepe, Pinar; Tekin, Ali; Kanmaz, Hilal; Kaya, Busra; Hayaloglu, Ali Adnan
    The current research was designed to compare the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of cell-free supernatant (CFS) and whole-cell postbiotic (WCP) and reveal the efficacy of WCP in combination with chitosan and thymol for extending the shelf life and inhibiting emerging foodborne pathogens in chicken breast fillets during storage at 4 degrees C. For this purpose, pH, organic acids, titratable acidity, antioxidant capacity assays (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH), free amino acids (FAA), free fatty acids (FFA), total phenolic content, individual phenolics, color properties, and volatiles of CFS and WCP were compared. The levels of some organic acids, FAA, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content (TPC) of WCP were higher than CFS (P < 0.05). Almost similar inhibition zones (7.82 to 10.43 mm) were recorded between the CFS and WCP against some pathogenic bacteria including S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes. In chicken breast fillets, the total viable count of the control group reached the upper limit (7.0 log(10)) on the 6th day, while WCP (50%) + thymol (0.5%) + chitosan (0.5%) treatment provided a shelf life extension of 9 days (P < 0.05). Additionally, this treatment provided 2.35, 2.35, and 1.96 log(10) CFU/g reductions in S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes counts on the initial day, respectively (P < 0.05). The result of this study revealed that WCPs can be easily prepared without any changes in antibacterial efficacy and used in food matrices to control major foodborne pathogens and extended the shelf life by retarding microbial and chemical deteriorations.