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Öğe Application of Reactive Power Compensation to Systems with Renewable Energy Sources(Ieee, 2015) Akkilinc, Ramazan; Kaygusuz, AsimIn today's electric power grids, the integration of distributed renewable energy sources gradually becomes popular with the increasing usage of them in the power system. In this study, the load-flow analysis is realized for situations participating the time-based average daily production profiles and modeled distributed renewable sources to IEEE 39 bus system. In these analyzes, the problems are revealed with the analyzing the level of intraday bus voltage, power factor, active power, reactive power and generator reactive power changes. The load-flow is realized with synchronous generator, shunt reactors and shunt capacitor connected to convenient bus of system and the eliminating of the above-mentioned drawbacks is determined.Öğe An approach for the integration of renewable distributed generation in hybrid DC/AC microgrids(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Karabiber, Abdulkerim; Keles, Cemal; Kaygusuz, Asim; Alagoz, B. BaykantThis paper presents an investigation of a hybrid DC/AC integration paradigm to establish microgrids (MGs) by using a conventional three-phase local power delivery system. This approach adds an additional DC power line to the local power distribution system in order to collect energy generated by distributed domestic renewable sources. The local renewable distributed generation (DG) works in conjunction with the conventional grid utility to reduce the power draw from the grid. Researchers designed an energy conversion station to mix energy from the local DGs with energy from the grid utility. This approach, therefore, uses a continuous energy mixing strategy for DC integration of local generation and grid energy to supply energy to MG consumers via the conventional three-phase power distribution system. Thus, local distributed renewable generators do not have to contend with AC integration problems, such as AC stability and line synchronization. This approach can facilitate the transformation of conventional local power distribution systems into reliable MGs in an affordable way for stakeholders and it is a step towards construction of future smart grids. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Artificial Immunity Based Wound Healing Algorithm for Power Loss Optimization in Smart Grids(Univ Suceava, Fac Electrical Eng, 2020) Cinar, Mehmet; Kaygusuz, AsimIn this study, a human immune system based wound healing algorithm is mentioned to optimize power losses in the smart grids. The smart grids are a concept that uses communication and control techniques to increase the efficiency of today's electrical systems, provide bidirectional communication and allow instant monitoring of the grid. The wound healing algorithm is computationally simulated in the event of a possible injury to the human body and there are very few publications on the proposed algorithm when the literature review is performed. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is capable of removing this gap in the literature. The codes are written in the Matlab GUI environment and applied to the IEEE 30-busbar system and power losses are tried to be optimized Simulation results show that the actual power loss is significantly reduced. The obtained results were compared with the results of other algorithms that are available in the literature. The proposed wound healing algorithm has given more optimum and superior solutions than the other algorithms compared in terms of calculation time and optimum power loss values and it was emphasized that it was a more effective method in providing the solution.Öğe Artificial Intelligence, Development to Akdh & Hirler(Ieee, 2019) Pektekin, Mehmet Burak; Kaygusuz, AsimDevelopment; Improving the social and economic structure of an country, and reaching up to the advanced contemporary countries. Today, many different organizations are being organized and supported for the development and acceleration of development. This study will examine what artificial intelligence based smart cities can provide for development, their contribution sand their impacts. These contributions and effects are seen from many different angles, not from a single angle. At the same time, these effects support both each other and development at the same time. It can be said that smart cities and intelligent city systems can help to evolve in many different ways. Smart cities will be able to plan and reduce current consumption with the regulation of old systems, electricity consumption forecasting, instant monitoring, smart meters and intelligent lighting systems. Besides, planned reconstruction, ecological buildings, safe and uninterrupted energy can provide prosperity. In this way, the cities become more economical, safe, livable and comfortable and at the same time they can contribute to development. In general, the economic development of intelligent cities is in the forefront. In fact, most of the intelligent urban planning work on Earth has been made because of economic concerns, and therefore the intelligent city system has been introduced. As a result of these passages, good results have been obtained from the examples. When old systems are organized and intelligent, electricity costs will decrease, instant follow-up will be possible and the user will be able to pre-purchase the required energy with electricity consumption estimation. At the same time, these systems can also facilitate management. Planned construction will result in a more modern city image that will reduce excavation, infrastructure work and similar costs. In addition to reducing air pollution, ecological buildings can contribute economically by producing some of their own energy. In summary; A smart city system with good planning can be a locomotive for development.Öğe Büyük Ölçekli Elektrik Kesintilerinin İncelenmesi(2019) Tuttokmağı, Özge; Kaygusuz, AsimÖz: Günümüzde modern toplum yapısındaki değişimler ve teknolojideki gelişmelerle birlikte elektrik enerjisi vazgeçilmez bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Elektrik enerjisinin hemen hemen her sektörde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılması beraberinde enerjiye olan talebin her geçen gün sürekli olarak artmasına dolayısıyla da enerji talebinin karşılanmasında mevcut güç sistemleri yetersiz kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durumun üstesinden gelebilmek için güç sistemlerine eklenen yeni üretim ve teknoloji birimleri mevcut sistemleri daha karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Dahası enerji talebindeki artışın durdurulamaz olması sistemin maksimum kararlılık sınırında çalışmasına neden olmaktadır. Yaşanılan bu durumlar ise güç sisteminin bazı zorluklarla karşılaşma olasılığını arttırmaktadır. Güç sistemleri için yaşanabilecek en büyük zorluk ise son yıllarda dünyada çok sık meydana gelen elektrik kesintileridir. İnsan yaşamının hem sosyal hem de ekonomik olarak ciddi şekilde etkilenmesine neden olan kesintilerin, neden-sonuçlarıyla iyi bir şekilde analiz edilmesi, gerekli düzenlemelerin yapılarak yaşanabilecek kesintileri ve etkilerini en aza indirgemesini sağlaması açısından son derece önemlidir. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de meydana gelen elektrik kesintilerinin nedenleri, etki alanları ve alınabilecek önlemler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca örnek güç sistemi üzerinden kesinti analizleri yapılmıştır.Öğe Closed loop elastic demand control by dynamic energy pricing in smart grids(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Kaygusuz, AsimBroadcasting of dynamic energy price signals for consumer's demand response programs (agents) is an effective and feasible way for demand side load management in future smart grids. Particularly, under fluctuating generation conditions of distributed renewable sources, automated and online market management strategies based on dynamic pricing are necessary for persistently conservation of energy balance and reducing the risk of instant energy shortages in the smart grids. This study presents a control theoretic energy market management approach based on closed loop elastic demand control scheme by means of dynamic price signal broadcasting. A PI controller structure is used to regulate energy price signals for demand response agents of smart grid community. Thus, total energy demand can be governed to respond fluctuation of renewable energy generation. To illustrate an application, a renewable energy integrated microgrid management scenario was studied numerically. A first order dynamic system model with a piecewise linear price-demand response is used to represent overall demand elasticity of the microgrid and a renewable energy microgrid simulation scenario is developed in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. Simulation of 90 MWh peak demand market demonstrate that the closed loop dynamic energy pricing can be useful to control the elastic demand for tracing fluctuating generation of renewable energy sources. It is concluded that dynamic energy pricing can be useful medium for energy demand control. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe A closed-loop energy price controlling method for real-time energy balancing in a smart grid energy market(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Alagoz, B. Baykant; Kaygusuz, Asim; Akcin, Murat; Alagoz, SerkanFuture smart grids will require a flexible, observable, and controllable network for reliable and efficient energy delivery under uncertain generation and demand conditions. One of the mechanisms for efficient and reliable energy generation is dynamic demand-responsive generation management based on energy price adjustments that creates a balance in energy markets. This study presents a closed-loop PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller-based price control method for autonomous and real-time balancing of energy demand and generation in smart grid electricity markets. The PID control system can regulate energy prices online to respond dynamically and instantaneously to the varying energy demands of grid consumers. Independent energy suppliers in the smart grid decide whether to sell their energy to the grid according to the energy prices declared by the closed-loop PID controller system. Energy market simulations demonstrate that PID-controlled energy price regulation can effectively maintain an energy balance for hourly demand fluctuations of consumers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Communication Opportunities in Smart Grids(Ieee, 2015) Keles, Cemal; Kaygusuz, AsimThe studies concentrate on the new generation electric power systems called smart grid for solution of energy management issues. An essential characteristic of the smart grid is the integration of efficient, reliable and secure communication networks to manage the complex power systems. In this paper, the communication architectures in the power systems, including the communication technologies, network requirements, advantages and application challenges are studied. This study summarizes the current state of the communication networks in the smart grid.Öğe Dişlisiz Asansör Uygulamaları için Yüzey Montajlı Senkron Motorun Optimal Tasarımı(2020) Okşar, Musab; Yetiş, Hicret; Göktaş, Taner; Kaygusuz, Asim; Meşe, ErkanÖz: Mıknatıslı Senkron Makineler tarafından sürülen dişlisiz asansör sistemleri, geleneksel asenkron motor uygulamalarına kıyasla yüksek verim, yüksek moment yoğunluğu, dişli kutusunun ortadan kalkması ile kayıpların azalması ve sistemin hacminin küçülmesi gibi birçok avantaja sahiptir. Bu çalışmada 800 kg / 10 kişilik taşıma kapasitesine sahip bir dişlisiz asansör sistemini sürmek için tasarlanan 27-oluklu 30-kutuplu Yüzey Montajlı Senkron Motorun (YMSM) tasarımı yapılmıştır. Tasarım süreci içerisinde kritik önem teşkil eden; hava aralığı, oluk açıklığı ve mıknatıs kalınlığı gibi geometrik boyutlar parametrik analiz ve çok amaçlı optimizasyon yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon süreci sonucunda elde edilen motor; verim, akı dağılımı, çıkış ve vuruntu momenti açısından analiz edilmiştir. Enerji verimliliği ve performans açısından optimal bir tasarım hedeflenmiştir. Yapılan tasarım ve analizler ANSYS@Maxwell simülasyon programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.Öğe Dynamic energy pricing by closed-loop fractional-order PI control system and energy balancing in smart grid energy markets(Sage Publications Ltd, 2016) Alagoz, B. Baykant; Kaygusuz, AsimThis study investigates dynamic energy price regulation by a closed-loop fractional-order PI control system and presents a possible application for the automated energy balancing in smart grid energy markets. A persistent balance of energy demand and generation is a substantial problem for future smart grids due to the uncertainty and high fluctuation in the generation of distributed renewable energy sources and elastic demand conditions. Dynamic energy pricing is an effective strategy to balance flexible energy markets and it can provide the best energy price that balances energy demand and generation. We numerically demonstrate that closed-loop generation control by using dynamic pricing can provide persistent settling to the best price point of demand and supply curves, when the energy balance error is defined as the difference between instant demand and generation potentials. We analyse energy market management performance of a fractional-order PI controller in the case of communication and operation delays in a multi-source energy market model. Market simulation results are discussed to demonstrate the possible advantages of the fractional-order PI controller for smart grid energy market managements.Öğe Effect of Shunt Capacitors on Power Systems Containing Renewable Energy Resources(Ieee, 2015) Gul, Ozan; Kaygusuz, Asim; Tan, NusretIn this paper, the effects of shunt capacitor on electrical network integrated with renewable energy resources are investigated. For this proposes, we conduct 24-hours load flow analyses for IEEE 39 buses power system containing intermittent renewable sources modeled by hourly generation profiles during a day using Matlab program, and then shunt capacitor connected to the selected load buses on systems and power factor changes in buses are evaluated during a day.Öğe Frequency Deviation Indicators for Estimation of Energy Balance State in Smart AC Grids(Ieee, 2016) Alagoz, Baris Baykant; Keles, Cemal; Kaygusuz, Asim; Akcin, MuratDue to increasing intermittent renewable energy utilization in smart grids, smart management of energy balance is becoming major concern of research studies. In the case of highly volatile generation and demand conditions, it is very important to estimate instant energy balance state of electricity grid to preserve energy balance automatically and avoid from the cases of generation deficiency and overloading. The utility frequency deviation is commonly used to restore power imbalance in AC grids. This study gives a discussion on the utilization of frequency deviation of AC power system as an indicator of energy balance state in smart grids. We consider two approaches to estimate instant AC frequency deviation of power systems under serious harmonic and noise conditions. The first one is based on frequency to amplitude conversion technique, which use band-pass ramp filtering of AC signal. The other method is based on the sinusoidal to pulse waveform conversion, and it uses measurement of pulse periods of the resulting square waveforms. We compare these two methods and discuss their advantages and disadvantages to generate a balance error signal for smart grid applications. A brief discussion on application of these signals for smart grid energy management is given.Öğe Load Control Techniques in Smart Grids(Ieee, 2016) Nur, Ahmet; Kaygusuz, AsimPopulation growth and industrialization increase the electrical energy demands. Electrical energy demands from the system should be on the time, reliable and economical. So, large energy consumption with high losses enhances the importance of smart grids. In this paper, facilitating the smart grid as load management techniques are examined. Smart lighting, smart house systems, smart inverters, replacing motors, reactive compensation and harmonic filtering were investigated.Öğe Load Flow Analysis With Newton-Raphson and Gauss-Seidel Methods in a Hybrid AC/DC System(Ieee Canada, 2021) Nur, Ahmet; Kaygusuz, AsimIn this study, a dc system was added to the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system (RDS) test system using voltage-source converters (VSCs), and a hybrid ac/dc system was designed. For this designed system, a load flow analysis was made under the MATLAB platform. The Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson methods, which are widely used in load flow analysis, are used. Comparisons of these methods were made according to the number of iterations, total line losses, and active and reactive powers generated and consumed in terms of different tolerance values. In the results obtained from the load flow analysis studies, the powers produced by the generator are calculated as close to each other according to the load demands for both methods. However, it was seen that the least iteration number and the least power loss were obtained by the Newton-Raphson method. According to the results obtained as a result of applying the power flow algorithm used in the hybrid ac/dc system, it has been proven that this algorithm is successfully applied to the solution of a power system problem. In addition, the results show that the designed system is accurate and reliable.Öğe Multi-source Energy Mixing by Time Rate Multiple PWM for Microgrids(Ieee, 2016) Keles, Cemal; Kaygusuz, Asim; Alagoz, Baris BaykantSmart grid applications aims to employ many optimization and artificial intelligence methods for optimal energy management. Results of these algorithms need to be implemented by power systems in practice. This study presents Time Rate Multiple Pulse Width Modulation (TRM-PWM) methods for multi-source energy mixing for DC microgrids, which is integrating several renewable energy resources. In the paper, we implement TRM-PWM multi- source energy mixer component for integration of energy flow coming from solar and wind energy systems, battery system and grid in MATLAB simulink. Simulation results show that proposed energy mixer component can adjust rate of energy mixing from different sources. By using this component, optimal energy mixing, which can be adjusted by optimization and artificial intelligence methods, can be realized in smart grid applications.Öğe Multi-Source Energy Mixing for Renewable Energy Microgrids by Particle Swarm Optimization(Ieee, 2017) Keles, Cemal; Alagoz, Baris Baykant; Kaygusuz, AsimDistributed intelligence is one of the prominent prospects of future smart grids besides distributed generation, distributed storage and demand side load management. This study illustrates utilization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for cost-efficient energy management in multi-source renewable energy microgrids. PSO algorithm is used to find out optimal energy mixing rates that can minimize daily energy cost of a renewable microgrids under energy balance and antiislanding constraints. The optimal energy mixing rates can be used by multi-pulse width modulation (M-PWM) energy mixer units. In our numerical analyses, we consider a multi-source renewable energy grid scenario that includes solar energy system, wind energy system, battery system and utility grid connection. We assume that variable energy pricing is used in utility grid to control energy dispatches between microgrids. This numerical analysis shows that the proposed scheme can adjust energy mixing rates for M-PWM energy mixers to achieve the cost-efficient and energy balanced management of microgrid under varying generation, demand and price conditions. The proposed method illustrates an implementation of distributed intelligence in smart grids.Öğe A Note On Demand Side Load Management by Maximum Power Limited Load Shedding Algorithm For Smart Grids(Ieee, 2015) Keles, Cemal; Alagoz, Baris Baykant; Kaygusuz, AsimDemand side load management (DSLM) applications improve grid flexibility and support intermittent renewable energy utilization. In this study, we discuss role of power limited load shedding algorithm for DSLM applications in domestic scales. By using this algorithm, domestic power consumption is limited with respect to dynamic electricity price signal and renewable energy generation level by switching off the low prior home electronics appliances (HEAs). The proposed load shedding scheme performs depending on power requirements of HEAs and their user priority presetting. In this study, power limited load shedding algorithm is improved to consider operation modes, which are grid mode, islanded mode and grid+renewable energy (RE) mode and effects of the proposed scheme on domestic consumption is discussed by using simulation results.Öğe Opportunities for Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities(Ieee, 2016) Akcin, Murat; Kaygusuz, Asim; Karabiber, Abdulkerim; Alagoz, Serkan; Alagoz, Baris Baykant; Keles, CemalRapid migration from rural to urban areas leads to the emergence of urbanization and sustainability problems. Management and monitoring of resources and infrastructures are getting more important today in crowded cities. Energy consumption is increasing with the growing population and intensified in highly populated parts of cities. This increased energy consumption results in high energy demand as well as the production of more pollutants and heat in these city parts. The management of pollution and heat problems leads to an additional energy demand. Therefore, energy efficiency is becoming central challenge for urban life similar to energy efficient structuring of living organisms. Practically, all activities arranging city life require energy. For instance, job activities, transportation, security, climate, catering, entertainment, commerce etc. In this study, we review active and passive approaches, which can be utilized for improvement of energy efficiency and thus sustainability of urbanization in today's cities. We give a discussion to present a vision for future smart cities in term of improvement of energy utilization and efficiency, and relieve of environmental issues. These approaches can be helpful for future cities for relieving issues originating from population increase.Öğe Optimization algorithms used for self-healing of smart grids(Ieee, 2018) Cinar, Mehmet; Kaygusuz, AsimThe electrical networks used today are based on Tesla's design principles in 1883. Over time, owing to the fast progress of technology, it has become unable to meet today's needs. The concept of smart grid has been introduced especially since the year 2000 to remove this problem. The smart grid is the network system that is achieved by integrating today's technologies into the electric power networks. Smart grids that can provide real-time bi-directional information-exchange at all stages from generation to consumption of electricity; enabling energy to be used in a sustainable, safe and highly efficient energy network. The main objective of smart grid is; By providing a smooth integration of renewable energy sources into the system, the system is able to self-heal itself in the shortest possible time by using energy efficiently and reducing the downtime and the areas that can be affected at the time of the interruption to a minimum. In particular, there are basic optimization algoritms used in the literature for self healing of smart grids. In this study; the algoritms used for self-healing of smart grids will be mentioned.Öğe Optimum Fuel Cost in Load Flow Analysis of Smart Grid by Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm(Ieee, 2019) Cinar, Mehmet; Kaygusuz, AsimSmart grids have a structure that can feel overloads with real-time communication infrastructure, regulate energy flow directions, optimize the use of renewable energy sources and reduce user costs. The smart grid vision aims to develop the power system towards a network that is well integrated with advanced measurement technologies, wide area communication, and automatic controls. The benefits include fast decision making, high controllability, and system reliability. Various optimization methods are used to reduce the optimum fuel cost in the load flow analysis in smart grids. The classical optimization methods that have been used before have now been replaced by intuitive and herd based algorithms. One of the herd based algorithms is the artificial bee colony algorithm. The use of an artificial bee colony algorithm is often preferred in smart grids since it is flexible and the number of parameters is less than other algorithms and the online run time is low. In this study, an artificial bee colony algorithm is mentioned from herd based algorithms to obtain optimum fuel cost in the smart grid. The program written in the MATLAB environment was applied to the IEEE30 test busbar system and the results were compared to other heuristic algorithms.
