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    Dietary boron does not affect tooth strength, micro-hardness, and density, but affects tooth mineral composition and alveolar bone mineral density in rabbits fed a high-energy diet
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2015) Hakki, Sema S.; Malkoc, Siddik; Dundar, Niyazi; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Baspinar, Nuri
    The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary boron (B) affects the strength, density and mineral composition of teeth and mineral density of alveolar bone in rabbits with apparent obesity induced by a high-energy diet. Sixty female, 8-month-old, New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned for 7 months into five groups as follows: (1) control 1, fed alfalfa hay only (5.91 MJ/kg and 57.5 mg B/kg); (2) control 2, high energy diet (11.76 MJ and 3.88 mg B/kg); (3) B10, high energy diet + 10 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (4) B30, high energy diet + 30 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (5) B50, high energy diet + 50 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h. Maxillary incisor teeth of the rabbits were evaluated for compression strength, mineral composition, and micro-hardness. Enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue were examined histologically. Mineral densities of the incisor teeth and surrounding alveolar bone were determined by using micro-CT. When compared to controls, the different boron treatments did not significantly affect compression strength, and micro-hardness of the teeth, although the B content of teeth increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to control 1, B50 teeth had decreased phosphorus (P) concentrations. Histological examination revealed that teeth structure (shape and thickness of the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp) was similar in the B-treated and control rabbits. Micro CT evaluation revealed greater alveolar bone mineral density in B10 and B30 groups than in controls. Alveolar bone density of the B50 group was not different than the controls. Although the B treatments did not affect teeth structure, strength, mineral density and micro-hardness, increasing B intake altered the mineral composition of teeth, and, in moderate amounts, had beneficial effects on surrounding alveolar bone. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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    Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene polymorphisms are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes among nonobese diabetics in the Turkish population
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2017) Erkoc Kaya, Dudu; Arikoglu, Hilal; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Ozturk, Onur; Gonen, Mustafa Sait
    Background/aim: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease, determined by environmental and genetic factors. Currently, the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene shows the strongest association with T2D. In this study, we investigated whether TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms are associated with T2D in a Turkish population. Materials and methods: Using PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP, we genotyped six intronic polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene, commonly associated with T2D, in 169 individuals with diabetes and 119 healthy controls. Results: We found that rs7903146 C -> T substitution in intron 3 (OR: 1.9, P = 0.005) and rs12255372 G -> T substitution in intron 4 (OR: 2.1, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with T2D while other SNPs were not associated (P > 0.05). We determined no association between TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms and fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, or HOMA-IR levels (P > 0.05), except for rs7903146 C -> T substitution, which was significantly associated with the fasting glucose level (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Our results indicate that, in the Turkish population, the T allele of the rs7903146 (C -> T) and rs12255372 (G -> T) polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene is an independent risk factor for the development of T2D.