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    Delta Neutrophil Index as a Diagnostic Marker of Neonatal Sepsis
    (Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2021) Melekoglu, Nuriye Asli; Yasar, Seyma; Keskin, Mehmet
    Objective Sepsis diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptomatology in newborns. Timely diagnosis is essential for reducing sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. This study was performed to determine the diagnostic value of the delta neutrophil index (DNI) for detection of neonatal sepsis and to compare its efficacy with other conventional markers. Methods This study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in newborns with confirmed sepsis (n = 59), suspected sepsis (n = 46), and in age- and weight-matched controls (n = 49). DNI, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and platelet measurements were determined, and blood cultures were performed at the onset of symptoms. Results The mean DNI was significantly higher in confirmed and clinical sepsis groups compared with the control group. (6.9 +/- 9.3, 1.9 +/- 2.1, and 0.4 +/- 0.5, respectively, p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis also showed that the combination of DNI and CRP had the highest sensitivity (86%), specificity (100%), and positive predictive value (100%) for predicting neonatal sepsis. DNI values were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p < 0.05). Conclusion DNI could be used as a reliable diagnosticmarker for neonatal sepsis, and high DNI could predict sepsis development and unfavorable outcomes. The diagnostic capability of DNI may be increased by assessing CRP measurements simultaneously.
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    Neonatal Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Turkey: Outcomes of Extended Pilot Study in 241,083 Infants
    (2020) Güran, Tülay; Tezel, Başak; Çakır, Meltem; Akıncı, Ayşehan; Orbak, Zerrin; Keskin, Mehmet; Eklioğlu, Beray; Ozon, Alev; Özbek, Mehmet Nuri; Karagüzel, Gülay; Hatipoğlu, Nihal; Gürbüz, Fatih; Çizmecioğlu, Filiz; Kara, Cengiz; Şimşek, Enver; Baş, Firdevs; Aydın, Murat; Darendeliler, Feyza
    Abstract: Objective: Turkish Directorate of Public Health introduced the first pilot screening program for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in four Turkish cities in 2017, and in 2018 extended the program, with a slight change in screening strategy, to fourteen cities. To evaluate the performance of the extended study and update previously reported outcomes. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study. Neonates of ?32 gestational weeks and ?1500 gr birth weight from fourteen cities, born between May-December 2018, were included. Screening protocol included one sample, two-tier testing as applied in the previous pilot study. In the first step, 17?-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) was measured by fluoroimmunoassay in dried blood spots (DBS) obtained at 3-5 days of life. Cases with positive initial screening underwent second tier testing by steroid profiling in DBS using liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry to measure 17-OHP, 21-deoxycortisol (21-S), cortisol (F), 11-deoxycortisol and androstenedione. The babies with a steroid ratio (21-S+17-OHP)/F of ?0.7 (increased from ?0.5 in the earlier pilot study) were referred to pediatric endocrinology clinics for diagnostic assessment. Results: In the evaluated period, 241,083 newborns were screened. 12,321 (5.11%) required second-tier testing and 880 (0.36%) were referred for clinical assessment, twenty of whom were diagnosed with CAH (10 females, 10 males). Sixteen were diagnosed as classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) CAH (12 with salt-wasting and four with simple virilising CAH), and four cases were identified with 11?-OHD CAH. No case of salt-wasting CAH was missed by neonatal screening (sensitivity was 100%). The incidence of classical 21-OHD and 11?-OHD in the screened population was 1: 15,067 and 1: 60,270, respectively. Conclusion: Turkish neonatal CAH screening effectively led to earlier diagnosis of 21-OHD and 11?-OHD, using steroid profiling as a second-tier test. This will result in improved care of these patients in the future.