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    Gundelia Tournefortii L. (Kenger): Determination of in vitro Antidiabetic Activities
    (Mattioli 1885, 2021) Keskin, Merve; Kaya, Gulsen; Keskin, Saban
    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that negatively effects daily life. Synthetic drugs, which are inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, are used in its treatment. These drugs may have adverse reaction on organs such as the liver. Therefore, it is important to include plants that inhibit these enzymes in the diet in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus. Gundelia tournefortii L. (Kenger) is an edible wild natural plant that is widely used as traditional food. In this study, biochemical characterization of the Gundelia tournefortii L. (Kenger) extracts was performed. The inhibition effect of the extract on alpha-amylase and alpha-glycosidase enzymes was also investigated. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of Gundelia tourneforti L. extracts were determined. Chemical composition of extracts was determined by using GC/MS technique. IC50 values of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes of the Gundelia tournefortii L. ethanolic extracts of stalk were determined as 4.18 +/- 0.08 mg/mL and 9.77 +/- 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that Gundelia tournefortii L. could be used as a supplementary food in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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    Palynological, chemical, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition properties of Cannabis sativa L. propolis
    (Springer, 2023) Ozkok, Asli; Karlidag, Semiramis; Keskin, Merve; Bayram, Sinan; Keskin, Saban; Karabulut, Ercan; Cicek, Fevzi
    In this study, both chemical characterization and biological activities of propolis samples obtained from Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis, hemp, marijuana) isolated colonies (research group) and obtained from colonies at a distance where the bee cannot fly to the isolation area (control group) were determined. Palynological analyses of propolis samples obtained from the research and control group colonies were made and the botanical origin of the cannabis plant and other plants in the research area and the plants in the control group were determined. Bioactive component analysis of propolis extracts was determined by the GC-MS technique. The inhibition effect of propolis samples on some enzymes of medical importance and their antimicrobial effects against many pathogenic microorganisms were also investigated. Palynological analyses showed that honey bees prefer cannabis plants (11.11%) when collecting propolis, and the dry matter percentage (94.6 +/- 1.8%), balsam (46.2 +/- 5.2%), and wax content (4.8 +/- 0.5%), total phenolic (26.44 +/- 1.08 mg GAE/mL) and total flavonoid (2.03 +/- 0.11 mg QE/mL) content and antioxidant capacity (88.16 +/- 2.27 mu M FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O/mL(-1)) of the research group propolis samples containing hemp were found to be higher than the control group. Also, it was determined that the research group propolis sample contains cannabinoid derivatives (cannabidivarinic acid, 0.29%; delta (1)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, 0.59%; cannabidiolic acid, 0.48%), which are active compounds of the cannabis plant. Also, a high inhibition effect was detected on some enzymes of medical importance in propolis samples obtained from cannabis group colonies. In addition, the research group propolis samples also showed a high antimicrobial effect against many pathogenic microorganisms.