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    Cortical and Subcortical Brain Volume Alterations Following Endurance Running at 38.6 km and 119.2 km in Male Athletes
    (Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2021) Singin, Rabia Hurrem Ozdurak; Duz, Serkan; Kiraz, Murat
    Background: Although several studies have shown that ultramarathon running causes severe physical and mental stress and harms organ systems, its effect on brain tissue remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the volumetric change of cortical and subcortical brain structures following 38.6-km and 119.8-km mountain races. Material/Methods: A total of 23 healthy male runners (age, 49.05 +/- 5.99 years) were classified as short-trail (ST; n=9) and ultra-trail (UT; n=14) endurance running. Pre- and post-test scanning of brain tissue was performed by using a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pre- and post-race differences in cortical and subcortical volumes in the ST and UT groups were separately determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Cortical gray matter (GM) and cerebral GM volume significantly increased after the race in both ST and UT groups, whereas the volume of the thalamus, caudate, pallidus, and hippocampus significantly increased only in the UT group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white-matter (WM) volumes did not change after endurance running and remained unaltered in both groups. Conclusions: Endurance running has a site-specific acute effect on cortical and subcortical structures and may attenuate GM volume decrease in older adult male athletes. The increased volume of subcortical structures might be a response of physical exercise and additional physical stress experienced by ultramarathon runners.
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    The relationship with age and gender of intracranial physiological calcifications: A study from Corum, Turkey
    (2021) Kiraz, Murat
    Aim: The aim of this regional study was to determine the frequency of physiological intracranial calcifications in all age groups in the province of Corum, to determine the relationship with age and gender, and through comparison with literature to present the basic data related to physiological intracranial calcifications. Materials and Methods: The study included 1011 patients aged 0-93 years that presented at the Emergency Department of Hitit University Medical Faculty Hospital because of head trauma and were applied with Brain Computed Tomography (BCT). A retrospective examination was made of the calcifications on BCT. The calcifications recorded on the CT scans were classified as choroid plexus, pineal gland, habenular commissure, dural, basal ganglia, and others. The patients were examined in 10 age groups of decades starting from zero. In this cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study, the relationship was examined statistically between age and gender of the patients and physiological intercranial calcifications. In addition, the prevalence values of physiological intercranial calcifications in the province of Corum were determined. Results: There was determined to be a statistically significant increase associated with increasing age in the frequency of pineal gland (p<0.001), choroid plexus (p<0.001) habenular commissure (p<0.001), dural (p<0.001), others (p=0.032) and basal ganglia calcifications (p=0.004). The rates of choroid plexus, pineal gland, and habenular commissure calcifications seen in males were determined to be statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p=0.044, p=0.033, p=0.032, respectively). Conclusion: This study determined the regional prevalence of physiological intracranial calcifications in the province of Corum and revealed the relationship between these calcifications with age and gender.