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    Examination of anxiety levels of sportsmen with physical disabilities
    (2011) Acet M.; Karademir T.; Koç H.; Açak M.; Kizilet A.
    The aim of this study is to determine state and trait anxiety levels of sportsmen with physical disabilities according to their sports branch and disability categories; and to determine whether they differ according to socio-demographic variables. The research included 120 sportsmen with physical disabilities, whose average ages were 30 ± 1.23 years. A socio-demographic data form and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 15.0). Both anxiety levels varied significantly (P<0.05) according to age and income level of the sample group and significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in educational level, income level and self-description in social life. No significant difference was observed in between either of the anxiety levels and participants' marital status, sports branch or disability category (p>0.05). In conclusion, while state anxiety levels of sportsmen with physical disabilities differ according to their age and income levels, their trait anxiety levels differ according to their income levels, personal characteristics like nervousness or irritability. It should be remembered that this state varies between individuals. Consequently, a high level of anxiety affects sportsmen negatively. Therefore, trainers and managers should demonstrate distinctive approaches to each sportsman, considering individual differences in their anxiety levels. © IDOSI Publications, 2011.
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    Impact of acute exercise on testosterone hormone levels
    (Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2014) Gökdemir K.; Koç H.; Kafkas M.; Çebi M.
    Aim. This study aimed at describing the impact of the five-day handball competitions on the total and free testosterone hormone levels in handball players. Methods. Twelve handball players having played handball for five years or more with averages of 22.16±1.85 years of age, 181.16±5.18 cm in height and 81.59±11.99 kg body weight took part in the study on voluntary basis. Measurements were made after the subjects were briefed about the tests. Blood samples were taken in the morning between 9:00 and 10:00 hours in a laboratory. The 5-mL blood samples of the subjects which were taken from the forearm antecubital area into yellow-capped gel tubes in line with the hygiene rules were analyzed in the central laboratory to check the testosterone hormone levels by using auto-analyzer. Student's t test was made in dependant samples to define the difference between before and after the competition. The significance level was defined as 0.05. Results. It was found out that there were increases in testosterone levels of the handball players before and after competitions (P<0.05). Conclusion. In conclusion, it is considered that the increase in testosterone hormone levels of the participating handball players was due to the acuteness of the loading during the five-day intensive competitions.