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    Ameliorative effects of crocin on the inflammation and oxidative stress-induced kidney damages by experimental periodontitis in rat
    (Mashhad Univ Med Sciences, 2021) Erdemli, Zeynep; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Altinoz, Eyup; Gul, Semir; Kocaman, Gulhan; Kustepe, Elif Kayhan
    Objective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the effects of periodontitis on kidneys and the protective role of crocin in periodontitis-induced kidney damage. Materials and Methods: Ethics committee approval was obtained and 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 rats: Control (C), Periodontitis (P), and Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr). After the treatments, rat kidney tissues were incised under anesthesia and blood samples were collected. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on the samples. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased in P group rat kidney tissues; urea, creatinine, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels increased in the serum; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were reduced in rat kidney tissues, and renal histopathology deteriorated. In the P + Cr group, we observed improvements in biochemical and histopathological parameters when compared with the P group. Conclusion: Periodontitis (P) led to deterioration in oxidative stress parameters and histopathology by increasing the oxidants in kidney tissue. P also led to inflammation in the blood of the rats. Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr) administration alleviated the effects of P due to powerful antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. Cr could be employed as a protective agent in P-induced inflammation and oxidative damage.
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    Crocin attenuates oxidative and inflammatory stress-related periodontitis in cardiac tissues in rats
    (Wroclaw Medical Univ, 2021) Kocaman, Gulhan; Altinoz, Eyup; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Erdemli, Zeynep; Zayman, Emrah; Bag, Harika Gozde Gozukara
    Background. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues around the teeth, causes significant inflammatory and oxidative changes in cardiac tissue. Crocin is the active constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron) which has antioxidant properties and is protective against cardiovascular disturbances. Objectives. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of crocin on periodontitis-induced oxidative/inflammatory cardiac degeneration in rats in vivo. Materials and methods. Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, periodontitis group (PD) and periodonditis plus crocin group (PD+Cr). Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing silk ligatures on the maxillary second molar teeth for 30 days. Afterward, crocin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered to the PD+Cr group and saline was administered to the PD group and the control group for 15 days. The subjects were sacrificed on the 45th day. Results. Histological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that inducing periodontitis caused obvious damage to cardiac tissues which was significantly ameliorated by crocin (p < 0.05). Significant improvements in bone resorption parameters (cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen and bone alkaline phosphatase) were also observed in the PD+Cr group (p < 0.05). In addition, crocin caused significant reductions of malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant score while antioxidant levels (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant score, and catalase) were significantly higher in PD+Cr group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. This study reveals that periodontitis may cause oxidative damage in cardiac tissue and crocin improves periodontitis-induced degenerative changes in heart tissue, which is associated with its antioxidant properties.
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    Determination of ‘tooth’ perception as the first step in development of oral health in Turkish society: A metaphor study
    (2019) Kocaman, Gulhan
    Aim: This study aims to reveal the ‘tooth’ perceptions in the subconscious of individuals through metaphors.Material and Methods: The sample of descriptive study consisted of 302 adult individuals who resided in in Turkey. The data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire form. The questionnaire was on the sociodemographic information of the participants, while the second part was on their tooth perceptions. It was asked to the participants for determining their tooth perceptions, it was aimed for them to produce a metaphor for their tooth perceptions and explain the reason for producing that metaphor.Results: At the study, it was observed that 66 different metaphors were produced. The metaphors that were produced were categorized under 3 themes concerning the function, aesthetic and overall characteristics of a tooth based on the things that teeth do. It was found that the tooth perceptions in the society were affected by age, gender, status of brushing, frequency of brushing and the population an individual is in, while these were not affected by income, smoking status and dental concerns. Aesthetical perceptions increased among young people, women and people with higher educational levels. The functional characteristics of teeth were more prioritized among people of more advanced ages, men and with lower educational levels (p0.05). Conclusion: With this metaphor study, it was understood that perceptions on teeth were mostly focused on aesthetical and/or functional elements, but there was an insufficient amount of perceptions that focused on teeth as organs with overall characteristics.
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    Determining effectiveness of a multi-component oral health education program model for preschool children
    (2020) Kocaman, Gulhan; Ceylan, Sehnaz; Kurnaz, Fatma Betul
    Aim: To develop a valid measurement tool that can evaluate oral and dental health knowledge and to create a program model of oral and dental health education by using different training methods that reinforce each other.Material and Methods: The developed scale for validity and reliability study was applied to 163 kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade students. The Scale Oral Health Knowledge for 5-8 Age Children was used in the evaluation of education. In the four-week training program, pre-test with scale, oral and dental health visual training presentations, parent education, healthy food package distribution, creative drama training, toothbrush and paste dissipation and post-test with scale were applied.Results: The scale developed consisted of 10 items and the KR-20 reliability was calculated as 0.71 and the internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.70. In the results of the study, there was a significant difference in favor of the last test in the experimental group (z = 4.46, p 05). Conclusion: The Scale Oral Health Knowledge for 5-8 Age Children is a valid and reliable scale. The “Multi-Component Oral Health Education Programme” is an evaluable, necessary and effective program. In order to provide a permanent oral hygiene education, it is important to use training program preparation by a multidisciplinary team different training methods and materials that reinforce each other over a long period of time and to evaluate the adequacy of education.