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Öğe Criteria for Ending the Distal Fusion at the L3 Vertebra vs. L4 in Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients with Lenke Type 3C, 5C, and 6C Curves: Results After Ten Years of Follow-up(Springernature, 2018) Erdem, Mehmet N.; Karaca, Sinan; Korkmaz, Mehmet F.; Enercan, Meric; Tezer, Mehmet; Kara, Ayhan N.; Hamzaoglu, AzmiIntroduction The selection of the most distal caudal vertebra in spinal fusion surgeries in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with structural lumbar curvatures is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to determine the preoperative radiological criteria on the traction X-rays under general anesthesia (TrUGA) for selection between the L3 and L4 vertebrae and to assess the efficacy of these criteria via the long-term results of patients with Lenke Type 3C, 5C, and 6C curves. Methods Radiological data of 93 patients (84 females, 9 males) who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively evaluated. The relationship between the L3 vertebra and the central sacral vertebral line, the portion of the L3 vertebra in the stable zone of Harrington, the parallelism of the L3 with the sacrum, and the tilt and rotation of the L3 on TrUGA radiographs were evaluated for the selection of the lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV). Clinical results were analyzed using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire. Results The mean follow-up period of the study group was 149.3 months. According to the Lenke classification, 29 patients had Type 3C, 33 had Type SC, and 31 had Type 6C curves. The preoperative analysis was based on standing anteroposterior (AP), supine traction, and bending X-rays, and the L3 vertebra was selected as the LIV in 37 patients (40%). These X-rays suggested IA as the LIV in 56 patients (60%); however, based on our study criteria, the L3 vertebra was selected. No significant loss of correction was observed nor additional surgery due to decompensation was required in the follow-up period. Conclusion The use of TrUGA radiographs with the identified criteria is an efficient alternative method in the selection of the LIV in patients with Lenke Type 3C, 5C, and 6C curves.Öğe Determining the Optimal Length and Safety of Pedicle Screws in the T12 Vertebra: A Morphometric Study(Springernature, 2018) Korkmaz, Mehmet F.; Erdem, Mehmet N.; Ozevren, Huseyin; Sevimli, ResitIntroduction: Despite the developments in implant technology and imaging methods and the advances in surgical techniques, there are still potential problems and complications of transpedicular screw application. This is a morphometric study to examine the proximity of the T12 vertebra to the thoracic aorta. Our aim was to define the appropriate length of the pedicle screw to be used in the 12 th thoracic vertebra, using computed tomography (CT) data. Methods: Randomly selected cases from the same ethnic group in a specific age group were examined in terms of the length from the anterior vertebral body and the screw entry point of the T12 vertebra to the thoracic aorta. In light of these data, a statistical analysis was made for the selection of the most appropriate screw length. Results: A statistically significant difference was detected in the distance from the T12 left screw entry point to the aorta between males and females (p=0.001). No statistically significant correlation was found between age and the distance between the left screw entry point and the aorta (p=0.105). Also, no statistically significant difference was detected between the T12 vertebral body-aorta distance in males and in females (p=0.212). The relationship between the shortest aorta-vertebral body distance and age was not statistically significant (p=0.7). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the left screw entry pointaorta distance and the aorta-vertebral body shortest distance (p=0.731). Conclusions: Significant differences were observed between males and females in terms of the distance between the T12 vertebra left screw entry point and the thoracic aorta (p=0.001). Thus, we can assert the need for the preoperative evaluation of patients with computed tomography in selecting the appropriate screw length and avoiding complications.Öğe Determining the optimal length and safety of pedicle screws in the t12 vertebra: a morphometricstudy(Cureus ınc, po box 61002, palo alto, ca 94306 usa, 2018) Korkmaz, Mehmet F.; Erdem, Mehmet N.; Ozevren, Huseyin; Sevimli, ResitIntroduction: Despite the developments in implant technology and imaging methods and the advances in surgical techniques, there are still potential problems and complications of transpedicular screw application. This is a morphometric study to examine the proximity of the T12 vertebra to the thoracic aorta. Our aim was to define the appropriate length of the pedicle screw to be used in the 12 th thoracic vertebra, using computed tomography (CT) data. Methods: Randomly selected cases from the same ethnic group in a specific age group were examined in terms of the length from the anterior vertebral body and the screw entry point of the T12 vertebra to the thoracic aorta. In light of these data, a statistical analysis was made for the selection of the most appropriate screw length. Results: A statistically significant difference was detected in the distance from the T12 left screw entry point to the aorta between males and females (p=0.001). No statistically significant correlation was found between age and the distance between the left screw entry point and the aorta (p=0.105). Also, no statistically significant difference was detected between the T12 vertebral body-aorta distance in males and in females (p=0.212). The relationship between the shortest aorta-vertebral body distance and age was not statistically significant (p=0.7). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the left screw entry pointaorta distance and the aorta-vertebral body shortest distance (p=0.731). Conclusions: Significant differences were observed between males and females in terms of the distance between the T12 vertebra left screw entry point and the thoracic aorta (p=0.001). Thus, we can assert the need for the preoperative evaluation of patients with computed tomography in selecting the appropriate screw length and avoiding complications.Öğe Pain, fentanyl consumption, and delirium in adolescents after scoliosis surgery: dexmedetomidine vs midazolam(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Aydogan, Mustafa S.; Korkmaz, Mehmet F.; Ozgul, Ulku; Erdogan, Mehmet A.; Yucel, Aytac; Karaman, Abdurrahman; Togal, TurkanBackground The study aim was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation during the early postoperative period in adolescents who underwent scoliosis surgery. Methods We performed a prospective, randomized trial in an intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary care center. In this study, 42 patients (American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I and II) who underwent scoliosis surgery were divided into two groups according to sedation protocols: group dexmedetomidine (DEX) (n=22) and group midazolam (MDZ) (n=20). Adolescents (1218years) requiring mechanical ventilation underwent a continuous infusion of either dexmedetomidine (group DEX; starting dose, 0.4g center dot kg1 center dot h1) or midazolam (group MDZ; starting dose, 0.1mg center dot kg1 center dot h1) with intermittent fentanyl, as needed. The efficacy of sedation was assessed using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). Quality of pain relief was measured using the Numeric Visual Analog Scale (NVAS). Delirium was determined in patients in the RASS range of 2 to +1 using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Fentanyl consumption, incidence of delirium, NVAS scores, and hemodynamics were recorded postoperatively at 2, 4, 6, and 24h in the ICU. Results The NVAS pain scores and fentanyl consumption at all the evaluation time points were significantly higher in group MDZ than those in group DEX (P<0.05). Further, total fentanyl consumption in group MDZ was significantly higher than that in group DEX (P<0.05). Delirium was significantly higher in the group MDZ than that in group DEX (31.3% vs 12.5%) when analyzed as the endpoint of CAM-ICU (P<0.05). The heart rate was significantly lower in group DEX compared with that in group MDZ at all the evaluation time points (P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine was associated with the decreased postoperative fentanyl consumption, NVAS scores, and a decreased incidence of delirium. These findings may be beneficial for managing sedation protocols in adolescents who have undergone scoliosis surgery.
