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Öğe Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination(J Infection Developing Countries, 2015) Koroglu, Mehmet; Gunal, Selami; Yildiz, Fatma; Savas, Mehtap; Ozer, Ali; Altindis, MustafaIntroduction: Touch-screen mobile phones/devices (TMPs/Ds) are increasingly used in hospitals. They may act as a mobile reservoir for microbial pathogens. The rates of microbial contamination of TMPs/Ds and keypad mobile phones (KMPs) with respect to different variables including use by healthcare workers (HCWs)/non-HCWs and the demographic characteristics of users were investigated. Methodology: A total of 205 mobile phones/devices were screened for microbial contamination: 76 devices belonged to HCWs and 129 devices belonged to the non-HCW group. By rubbing swabs to front screen, back, keypad, and metallic surfaces of devices, 444 samples were collected. Results: Of 205 mobile phones/devices, 143 (97.9%) of the TMPs/Ds and 58 (98.3%) of the KMPs were positive for microbial contamination, and there were no significant differences in contamination rates between these groups, although TMPs/Ds had significantly higher microbial load than KMPs (p < 0.05). The significant difference in this analysis was attributable to the screen size of mobile phones >= 5 ''. Microbial contamination rates increased significantly as phone size increased (p < 0.05). Higher numbers of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from KMPs than TMPs/Ds (p = 0.049). The incidence of Enterococcus spp. was higher on the KMPs of HCWs, and methicillin resistant CNS was higher from the TMPs/Ds of non-HCWs (p < 0.05). Isolation of CNS, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was higher from the TMPs/Ds of HCWs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found no significant difference between TMP/Ds and KMPs in terms of microbial contamination, but TMP/Ds harboured more colonies and total microbial counts increased with screen size.Öğe Demographic and microbial characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases diagnosed in Malatya, Turkey, 2001-2007(Biomed Central Ltd, 2011) Gunal, Selami; Yang, Zhenhua; Agarwal, Mansi; Koroglu, Mehmet; Arici, Zeynep Kazgan; Durmaz, RizaBackground: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has an increasing rate in Turkey. The reason remains largely unknown. A better understanding of the demographic and microbial characteristics of EPTB in the Turkish population would extend the knowledgebase of EPTB and allow us to develop better strategies to control tuberculosis (TB). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated clinical and laboratory data of 397 bacteriologically-confirmed TB cases diagnosed during an eight year-period using by chi-square analysis and multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Of the 397 study patients, 103 (25.9%) had EPTB and 294 (74.1%) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The most commonly seen two types of EPTB were genitourinary TB (27.2%) and meningeal TB (19.4%). TB in bone/joints, pleural cavity, lymph nodes, skin, and peritoneal cavity occurred at a frequency ranging from 9.7% to 10.7%. The age distribution was significantly different (P < 0.01) between PTB and EPTB, with patients older than 45 years tending to have an increased risk of EPTB. Furthermore, the distribution of different types of EPTB differed significantly among age groups (P = 0.03). Meningeal and bone and/or joint TB were more commonly observed among the male patients, while lymphatic, genitourinary, and peritoneal TB cases were more frequently seen among females. Unique strain infection was statistically significantly associated with EPTB (OR: 2.82, 95% CI [1.59, 5.00]). Conclusions: EPTB accounted for a significant proportion of TB cases in Malatya, Turkey between 2001 and 2007. The current study has provided an insight into the dynamics of EPTB in Malatya, Turkey. However, the risk factors for having EPTB in Malatya, Turkey remain to be assessed in future studies using population-based or randomly selected sample.Öğe Employee Safety and Biosafety Applications in Microbiology Laboratories; A Multicenter Evaluation in Turkey(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2020) Koroglu, Mehmet; Altindis, Selma; Aydemir, Ozlem; Yuksel, Busra; Demiray, Tayfur; Erkorkmaz, Unal; Aslan, Ferhat GurkanMedical laboratory personnel may be exposed to various hazards, especially biological and chemical, during their routine activities. In this multicenter study, which could reflect the nation wide results, it was aimed to determine the safety and biosecurity practices of the employee working in medical microbiology laboratories and to reveal the current situation. A total of 1072 personnel working in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of 23 hospitals (14 medical faculty hospitals, seven ministry of health training and research hospitals and two state hospitals) from different provinces were provided with a questionnaire consisting of 33 questions inquiring about the rules, opinions, attitudes and behaviors regarding safety and biosafety practices. Statistical analyses were made with institutions, age groups, gender, educational background, working time and occupational groups in terms of exposure to biological and chemical hazards. It was determined that approximately 50% personnel of the university/training and research hospitals and 2/3 of the state hospitals personnel consumed food and beverages in the laboratories (p< 0.05). Compared with other hospitals, it was determined that in state hospitals; the absence of separate resting room (35%), the personnel finding their own knowledge and practices inadequate (28.9%), laboratory coats washed at home (95%), educational organization and participation rates (90%) and medical waste information levels of the personnel were higher (p< 0.05). It was determined that as the age progresses, the rate of education, food and beverage consumption in the laboratory, not being outside the laboratory with protective equipment (gloves, masks and laboratory coats) and the history of laboratory acquired infections were increased (p< 0.05). It was observed that washing the laboratory coats at home was higher in the younger age group and hospital washing was higher in the elderly group (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the genders in terms of food and beverage consumption in the laboratory (p= 0.09). It was determined that periodic health checks were not performed in 1/3 of both sexes, but the use of gloves and compliance with medical waste rules was lower in men. Female employees find themselves inefficient in terms of knowledge and practices (p< 0.05). The rate of those who did not have their periodic checkups at regular intervals was higher in the high school and master of science education groups; While non-compliance with medical waste rules, food and beverage consumption in the laboratory was highest in the primary and high school graduates, the lowest rates were found in the master and doctorate groups (p< 0.05). The rate of those who had regular health checkups was higher in the group of specialist physicians and technicians (p< 0.05). It was observed that the rule of not going out of the laboratory with protective equipment was fully observed in the 35+ years working group, while compliance was 70-85% in other groups (p< 0.05), hepatitis B vaccination rate was highest in specialist doctors and lowest in cleaning and other personnel group (p< 0.05). Highest non-compliance rate with medical waste rules was observed in the cleaning personnel group (p< 0.05). As a result, although advances have been made in employee safety practices in medical microbiology laboratories in our country in recent years, it has been found that it is not yet sufficient. The results indirectly reflected the profile of medical laboratories in our country. In the laboratories, physical space and equipment deficiencies should be eliminated, periodic health checkups and vaccination should be provided, non-staff entrance to the laboratory and food, beverage and cigarette consumption should be prevented, laboratory coats should be washed in the hospital, in-service trainings, including medical waste training, should be conducted and these trainings should be developed through mechanisms that will change the behavior.Öğe THE EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF URINE ENTEROCOCCI WITH THE VITEK 2 AUTOMATED SYSTEM IN EASTERN TURKEY(Southeast Asian Ministers Educ Organization, 2012) Sibel, A. K.; Koroglu, Mehmet; Muharrem, A. K.Antibiotic resistant enterococci are an emerging problem, especially in urinary tract infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 118 enterococci isolates from urine samples of patients admitted to Malatya State Hospital, a secondary care hospital in eastern Turkey. The Vitek 2 automated sytem was used to identify the bacteria and detect antimicrobial susceptibility to ten antibiotics: ampicillin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline, tigecyclin, linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin and high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) against kanamycin, gentamicin and streptomycin. The predominant species was Enterococci faecalis (74.5%) followed by Enterococcus faecium (18.6%). The resistance rates for Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, were 54.5%/77.2% for ampicillin, 0/77.2% for imipenem, 18.1%/72.7% for both ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin, 10.2%/9.1% for linezolid and 65.1%/5.2% for quinopristine-dalfopristin, respectively. Beta-lactamase production was detected in 54.5% of E. faecalis isolates. HLAR was also found in 54.5% of E. faecalis isolates and 36.3% of E. faecium isolates; kanamycin resistance comprised the highest proportions (39.7% and 9.1%) of these resistance rates. Five strains were resistant to and one had intermediate resistant to vancomycin. The highest resistance rates were against ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and tetracycline. Of the antimicrobial agents evaluated, vancomycin, teicoplanin and tigecycline had the lowest resistance rates.Öğe Risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection in Turkey: A population-based, case-control study(Baqiyatallah Research Center, 2011) Ozer, Ali; Yakupogullari, Yusuf; Beytur, Ali; Beytur, Leyla; Koroglu, Mehmet; Salman, Feyza; Aydogan, FisunBackground: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies Turkey as a country with a moderate-high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, there is little data on HBV transmission in this country. Objectives: To identify risk factors for HBV infection, we performed a retrospective case-control study between January 2007 and December 2009. Patients and Methods: Acute HBV patients and population controls were selected, and data from these groups were analyzed by logistic regression. method. Results: The study included 129 patients with acute HBV infection and 219 controls. Hemodialysis (OR:8.2, 95% Cl: 4.17-16.61, p < 0.05), having an HBsAg (+) spouse (OR: 4.3, 95% Cl:2.17-8.53, p < 0.05), living with an HBsAg (+) parent(s) (OR: 3.25, 95% CI:1.73-6.12, p < 0.05), and being male (OR: 1.34, 95% Cl: 0.82-2.21, p < 0.05) were independent risk factors that were potentially associated with HBV infection. More than one-third of female patients had a significantly higher risk (34.5% vs. 13.5%, p < 0.05) of acquiring HBV from their sexual partners. Hemodialysis was the most frequent risk factor (46.9% vs. 20%, x(2) = 10.45, p < 0.05) for patients aged over 31 years, and living with HBsAg (+) parents was a significantly higher risk factor (28.8% vs. 10.2%, x(2) = 6.15, p < 0.05) that is more likely to lead to HBVin patients aged under 30 years. Conclusions: This study suggests that persons in Turkey who undergo hemodialysis are at high risk for acquiring HBV. Having an HBsAg (+) spouse (sexual transmission) or living with HBsAg (+) parents (household transmission) are significant risk factors for HBV transmission. Vaccination appears to be better preventive method against the spread of HBV. (C) 2011 Kowsar M.P.Co. All rights reserved.Öğe Spinal Epidural Abscess of Brucella Mimicking Lumbar Disc Herniation: Case Report and Review of the Literature(Journal Neurological Sciences, 2011) Yakupogullari, Yusuf; Koroglu, Mehmet; Yildirim, Erkan; Karayol, AliA 37 years old woman admitted to neurosurgery clinic, with progressive nerve root compression symptoms for three months. She had no benefit from some medications and physical therapy courses which were performed due to diagnosis of protruded lumbar disc herniation. At the initial evaluation, she had difficulty on standing up and walking. A cyst 2x3 cm in size was removed from L5-S1 level with surgical operation. Brucella was isolated from the pus culture of the cyst content. The patient was completely recovered with postoperative doxycycline and co-trimoxazole therapy. Review of the published reports have suggested that spinal epidural abscess of brucella has predominantly seen in lumbar region and particularly among the patients over 30 years old. Although alone antimicrobial treatment has been increasingly recommended by some authors, surgical operation plus postoperative antibiotic treatment seems to be very effective for short term recovery. Brucella seroagglutination tests may be very helpful in differential diagnosis.Öğe A waterborne outbreak of epidemic diarrhea due to group A rotavirus in Malatya, Turkey(Edizioni Int Srl, 2011) Koroglu, Mehmet; Yakupogullari, Yusuf; Otlu, Baris; Ozturk, Serhat; Ozden, Mehmet; Ozer, Ali; Sener, KemalWe characterized an outbreak of acute diarrheal disease caused by group A rotavirus that occurred during the Autumn of 2005 in Malatya City Turkey A total 9907 patients between 0 to 91 years old (mean age: 25.05 +/- 19.67) were included in the epidemic. The patients' data were prospectively collected and statistically analyzed. Microbiologic analyses were performed to determine the etiologic agent. Rapid onset diarrhea (98.36%), abdominal cramps (69%), fever (44.4%) and vomiting (69.6%) were the most common symptoms observed in patients. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 52.7% of the studied patients. RT-PCR analysis led to identification of Group A rotavirus as the causative agent of this epidemic. Simultaneous measurements of the drinking water samples yielded very low chlorine levels; as low as 0 to 0.05 mg/L. The outbreak investigation team indicated possible contamination of a large water depository from a water well, which supplies drinking water to two major districts of the city Effective chlorination and blockage of the passage between the well and the water depository stopped the outbreak. This outbreak shows the high epidemic potency of rotavirus in large human populations, including all age groups, and underlines the importance of water safety in pipeline systems.