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    Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Volcanic Tuff (Malatya, Turkey) Used as Building Stone for the Restoring Cultural Heritage
    (Budapest Univ Technology Economics, 2021) Maras, Muslum Murat; Kose, Mehmet Metin; Rizaoglu, Tamer
    Old stone buildings constitute a significant percentage of the residential buildings in many countries. These structures are highly vulnerable, and important losses in masonry structures occur even in moderate earthquakes. Therefore, safety evaluations of these structures have gained significant attention in recent years. In this study, the mechanical, physical and microstructural characteristics of tuff samples used in the old buildings were investigated in Battalgazi within the boundaries of Malatya Province during the Seljuk time. The characteristics of the building materials were examined in detail using in-situ and laboratory tests. Because adequate samples could not be obtained from the historical buildings, quarry areas with the same characteristics were identified. First, original building stone (OBS) used in construction was taken from fallen and unusable blocks. Then, the properties of the restoration building stones (RBS) brought from the quarries were investigated. The RBS samples were also examined using in the laboratory, and the mechanical and microstructural properties of the building components were determined. The dynamic and static moduli of elasticity were determined using ultrasonic pulse velocity and uniaxial compression test. The OBS and RBS samples yielded similar results after the microstructural analyses. Our results showed that the dynamic elastic modulus value was higher than the static elastic modulus value. The results revealed by both methods showed that the static and dynamic elastic moduli were closely linked. The OBS and RBS samples exhibited microlitic porphyritic and vesicular textures and nearly the same mineralogical and textural characteristics.
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    Structural Behavior of Masonry Panels Strengthened Using Geopolymer Composites in Compression Tests
    (Springer International Publishing Ag, 2021) Maras, Muslum Murat; Kose, Mehmet Metin
    Unreinforced masonry panels are the most important supporting elements in many structures, but these building elements are very vulnerable to earthquakes, and serious damage occurs. Many researchers state that the seismic performance of the masonry samples is poor and that these elements should be strengthened. In this study, the structural behavior of the strengthened masonry prism was investigated using Geogrid Geopolymer Panels (GGP) in compression tests. Six stone masonry wallettes were built to characterize them under loading systems, and the behavior of the samples was determined with different geometric strengthening methods (cross, diagonal, and parallel). Samples UCT-M1 and DCT-M1 were unreinforced masonry walls. GGP material was applied across the entire surface of reinforced samples UCT-M2 and DCT-M2. Vertical and diagonal compression tests were applied to the samples according to ASTM C1314-10 and ASTM E519-02, respectively. A linear variable differential transducer was placed on the samples, and the load-displacement curves were determined. As a result, the reinforced masonry walls had higher mechanical strength and load-carrying capacity than the UCT-M1 and DCT-M1 samples. The geopolymer composites prevented the degradation of the UCT-M2 and DCT-M2 samples. Also, the strengthened specimens displayed more ductile behavior, which depends on the failure mode and cracks patterns under the loading systems.