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    Importance of proper diagnosis for management: multifocal choroiditis mimicking ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2011) Hatef, Elham; Turkcuoglu, Peykan; Ibrahim, Mohamed; Sepah, Yasir; Shulman, Matthew; Heo, Jangwon; Lee, Jeong Hee
    Purpose The study aims to evaluate a series of patients with initial diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS) with progression and response to treatments consistent with multifocal choroiditis (MFC). Methods Retrospective review of nine patients referred for management of recurrent OHS lesions. Serology panel was conducted to rule out autoimmune and infectious causes. Results Clinical examination revealed multiple small, punched-out peripheral chorioretinal scars, and peripapillary atrophy. Histoplasma antigen/antibody was negative in all patients. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography confirmed active inflammation in five patients. Immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) was initiated to control active inflammation. While on IMT, visual acuity stabilized or improved in three patients with no recurrence of CNVor lesion activities over the follow-up period. Conclusions MFC may initially masquerade as OHS. Clinical characteristics of recurrent MFC and absence of histoplasma titer may lead to consideration of IMT and other proper treatments for MFC.