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Öğe Cortisol Awakening Response and Heart Rate Variability in the Menstrual Cycle of Sportswomen(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Kayacan, Yildirim; Makaraci, Yucel; Ozgocer, Tuba; Ucar, Cihat; Yildiz, SedatPurpose: This study aimed to examine the activities of heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol secretion as markers of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) during the menstrual cycle in female athletes.Method: Saliva samples of the participants (n = 28) were collected successively at 0, 15, 30, and 60 min after awakening to assess cortisol awakening response (CAR) during each of four phases of the menstrual cycle (the menstruation, ovulation, luteal, and premenstrual phases). Diurnal saliva samples were collected at noon, in the evening (17:00) and 22:00 for cortisol analysis. HRV was measured in the menstrual and premenstrual phases at rest (12:00-14:00).Results: There was no difference betweenCARparameters in the menstrual phases.CARparameters and diurnal cortisol levels were significantly correlated with each other throughout the menstrual cycle. Mean cortisol was a strong predictor of the area under the curve (AUC: S = 0.042; R-Sq = 98.4%). Time-dependent parameters of HRV (standard deviation of the N-N interval [SDNN;P= .049] and the root mean square of the successive R-R differences [rMSSD;P= .038]) were significantly higher in the menstrual phase. There were no correlations betweenCARand HRV parameters.Conclusions: We suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and the autonomic nervous system work in a separate manner that is not affected by the menstrual phases in sportswomen. The present study contributed to a better understanding of the relationship between the dynamics of cortisol release and the autonomic nervous system in different phases of the menstrual cycle in female athletes.Öğe Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol Levels Before and After a Brief Anaerobic Exercise in Handball Players(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023) Kayacan, Yildirim; Makaraci, Yucel; Ucar, Cihat; Amonette, William E.; Yildiz, SedatKayacan, Y, Makaraci, Y, Ucar, C, Amonette, WE, and Yildiz, S. Heart rate variability and cortisol levels before and after a brief anaerobic exercise in handball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1479-1485, 2023-Evaluating stress in athletes is important for monitoring overall physiologic load and is a core practice for sport performance teams. This study examined relationships between 2 metrics of training stress, heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol, before and after intense anaerobic power testing. Electrocardiogram recordings and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after a Wingate anaerobic power test (WAnT-30) from professional handball players (n = 20) and sedentary controls (n = 18). Between-group differences and correlations were computed to assess study hypotheses. No differences were observed in HRV frequency-dependent parameters between groups, but in athletes, Min. R-R (p < 0.01) and Avg.R-R (p = 0.03) before WAnT-30 and the percentage of successive normal cardiac beat intervals greater than 50 milliseconds (i.e., pNN50; p = 0.03) after WAnT-30 were elevated. A high positive correlation was detected between the pretest and post-test cortisol levels in athletes (p = 0.0001; r = 0.87) but not in sedentary individuals. No correlations were observed between the cortisol levels and WAnT-30 power parameters in either group. Relationships were evident in the standard deviation of RR intervals (p = 0.02, r = -0.53), square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR intervals (p = 0.043, r = -0.46), very low frequency (p = 0.032; r = -0.480), high-frequency (p = 0.02; r = -0.52) variables, and pretesting cortisol in athletes. These findings suggest that HRV analysis is a valuable tool for examining cardiovascular regulation, independent of cortisol; the data may provide valuable information for performance teams in evaluating acute stress.Öğe Salivary Cortisol Levels in Elite Male Handball Players during a Match(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Kayacan, Yildirim; Tapan, Tuba; Makaraci, Yucel; Ucar, Cihat; Yildiz, Sedat[Abstract Not Available]
