Yazar "Malkoc, Meral Arslan" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 16 / 16
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe 3D micro-CT analysis of void formations and push-out bonding strength of resin cements used for fiber post cementation(Korean Acad Prosthodontics, 2016) Uzun, Ismail Hakki; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Keles, Ali; Ogreten, Ayse TubaPURPOSE. To investigate the void parameters within the resin cements used for fiber post cementation by micro-CT (mu CT) and regional push-out bonding strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-one, single and round shaped roots were enlarged with a low-speed drill following by endodontic treatment. The roots were divided into three groups (n=7) and fiber posts were cemented with Maxcem Elite, Multilink N and Superbond C&B resin cements. Specimens were scanned using mu CT scanner at resolution of 13.7 mu m. The number, area, and volume of voids between dentin and post were evaluated. A method of analysis based on the post segmentation was used, and coronal, middle and apical thirds considered separately. After the mu CT analysis, roots were embedded in epoxy resin and sectioned into 2 mm thick slices (63 sections in total). Push-out testing was performed with universal testing device at 0.5 mm/min cross-head speed. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS. Overall, significant differences between the resin cements and the post level were observed in the void number, area, and volume (P<.05). Super-Bond C&B showed the most void formation (44.86 +/- 22.71). Multilink N showed the least void surface (3.51 +/- 2.24 mm(2)) and volume (0.01 +/- 0.01 mm(3)). Regional push-out bond strength of the cements was not different (P>.05). CONCLUSION. mu CT proved to be a powerful non-destructive 3D analysis tool for visualizing the void parameters. Multilink N had the lowest void parameters. When efficiency of all cements was evaluated, direct relationship between the post region and push out bonding strength was not observed.Öğe Bond strength of veneering porcelain to zirconia after different surface treatments(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Cevik, Pinar; Cengiz, Daime; Malkoc, Meral ArslanAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the bond strength of veneering feldspathic porcelain to zirconia. Methods: Fifty yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) according to various surface treatments. The groups were as follows: Group 1: control group with liner application and no further surface treatment; Group 2: air-particle abrasion with 110 mu m of alumina (Al2O3) particles; Group 3: grinding with a diamond disk; Group 4: Nd:YAG laser irradiation (the laser and the energy parameters were 10 Hz, and 2 W and 200 mJ, and the pulse duration (short pulse) range was up to 180 mu s); Group 5: selective infiltration etching (SIE). After surface treatments, a liner application was performed for all surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions. Veneering porcelain was applied on zirconia surfaces using a Teflon mold. Shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine. The fractured surface morphologies were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (alpha = .05). Results: The Megapascal values of the bonding groups were as follows: G1 = 8.62 +/- 1.12, G2 = 13.87 +/- 5.08, G3 = 12.31 +/- 3.35, G4 = 17.32 +/- 6.16, and G5 = 16.17 +/- 4.55. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and the other groups (p < 0.05). Group 4 had the highest bond strength while G1 showed the lowest bond strength. No significant differences were found between the Nd: YAG, grinding, sandblasting, and SIE groups. Conclusion: Surface treatments had different effects on the shear bond strength of feldspathic porcelain to zirconia. Surface treatment techniques used in this study can be used on zirconia specimens prior to liner application to obtain an acceptable bond strength of veneering porcelain to zirconia. The effect of Nd: YAG laser irradiation and SIE techniques on bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia should be evaluated with further studies.Öğe Cytotoxicity evaluation of luting resin cements on bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs) by real-time cell analysis(Japanese Soc Dental Materials Devices, 2015) Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Demir, Necla; Sengun, Abdulkadir; Bozkurt, Serife Buket; Hakki, Sema SezenTo evaluate the cytotoxicity of resin cements on dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs), Bifix QM (BQM), Choice 2(C2), RelyX U200(RU200), Maxcem Elite(ME), and Multilink Automix(MA) were tested. The materials were incubated in DMEM for 72 h. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate cell survival. The statistical analyses used were one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests. BQM, RU200, and ME demonstrated a significant decrease in the bDPCs' index at 24 and 72 h (p <= 0.001). These materials were found to be the most toxic resin cements, as compared to the control and other tested materials (C2 and MA). However, C2 and MA showed a better survival rate, compared to BQM, RU200, and ME, and had lower cell index than the control group. The cytotoxic effects of resin cements on pulpa should be evaluated during the selection of proper cements.Öğe Cytotoxicity of temporary cements on bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs) using real-time cell analysis(Korean Acad Prosthodontics, 2015) Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Demir, Necla; Sengun, Abdulkadir; Bozkurt, Serife Buket; Hakki, Sema SezginPURPOSE. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of temporary luting cements on bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four different temporary cements were tested: Rely X Temp E (3M ESPE), Ultratemp (Ultradent), GC Fuji Temp (GC), and Rely X Temp NE (3M ESPE). The materials were prepared as discs and incubated in Dulbecco's modified eagle's culture medium (DMEM) for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5. A real-time cell analyzer was used to determine cell vitality. After seeding 200 mu L of the cell suspensions into the wells of a 96-well plate, the bDPCs were cured with bioactive components released by the test materials and observed every 15 minutes for 98 hours. One-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests were used to analyze the results of the proliferation experiments. RESULTS. All tested temporary cements showed significant decreases in the bDPCs index. Rely X Temp E, GC Fuji Temp, and Rely X Temp NE were severely toxic at both time points (24 and 72 hours) (P<.001). When the cells were exposed to media by Ultratemp, the cell viability was similar to that of the control at 24 hours (P>.05); however, the cell viability was significantly reduced at 72 hours (P<.001). Light and scanning electron microscopy examination confirmed these results. CONCLUSION. The cytotoxic effects of temporary cements on pulpal tissue should be evaluated when choosing cement for luting provisional restorations.Öğe The effect of repair protocols on shear bond strength to zirconia and veneering porcelain(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Uzun, Ismail Hakki; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Polat, Nilufer Tulin; Ogreten, Ayse TubaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of a new repairing material including zirconia primer to zirconia and veneering porcelain after various surface treatments. A total of 60 specimens (30 zirconia-Zr and 30 feldspathic porcelain-Feld) were prepared and divided into 6 groups (n=10). Two surface preparations (air abrasion-AA and Erbium Yag (Er-YAG) Laser-Las) were applied to the specimens. Zr and Feld specimens treated with a grinding bur according to manufacturer advice, were used as control (C). Repair material (Cimara Zircon, VOCO, Germany) was applied to the specimens 2mm in height. The SBS was measured in a universal testing machine at 1mm/min crosshead speed. The SBS data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD multiple comparison tests (=0.05). Significant effects of the material type (p=0.005) and the surface treatment strategy (p=0.000) were found. Interaction terms were also significant (p=0.000). While the Zr-C (68,4MPa) showed the highest SBS (p<0.05), Zr-Las (16,4MPa) had the lowest SBS (p<0.05). The highest SBS value was obtained when both zirconia and veneering porcelain were treated with a grinding bur without any additional surface treatment.Öğe The effect of repeated porcelain firings on corrosion resistance of different dental alloys(Korean Acad Prosthodontics, 2013) Tuncdemir, Ali Riza; Karahan, Ismail; Polat, Serdar; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Dalkiz, MehmetPURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated porcelain firing process on the corrosion rates of the dental alloys. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cr-Co, Cr-Ni and Pd-Ag alloys were used for this study. Each metal supported porcelain consisted of 30 specimens of 10 for 7, 9 and 11 firing each. Disc-shaped specimens 10 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness were formed by melting alloys with a propane-oxygen flame and casted with a centrifuge casting machine and then with the porcelain veneer fired onto the metal alloys. Corrosion tests were performed in quintuplicate for each alloy (after repeated porcelain firing) in Fusayama artificial saliva solution (pH = 5) in a low thermal-expansion borosilicate glass cell. Tamhane and Sheffe test was used to compare corrosion differences in the results after repeated firings and among 7, 9 and 11 firing for each alloy. The probability level for statistical significance was set at alpha=0.05. RESULTS. The corrosion resistance was higher (30 mV), in case of 7 times firing (Commercial). On the other hand, it was lower in case of 11 times firing (5 mV) (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Repeated firings decreased corrosion resistance of Pd-Ag, Cr-Co and Cr-Ni alloys. The Pd-Ag alloy exhibited little corrosion in in vitro tests. The Cr-Ni alloy exhibited higher corrosion resistance than Cr-Co alloys in in vitro tests. [J Adv Prosthodont 2013;5:44-501Öğe The effect of transmitted Er:YAG laser energy through a dental ceramic on different types of resin cements(Wiley, 2015) Tak, Onjen; Sari, Tugrul; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Altintas, Subutayhan; Usumez, Aslihan; Gutknecht, NorbertBackground and ObjectiveThe laser debonding procedure of adhesively luted all-ceramic restorations is based on the ablation of resin cement due to the transmitted laser energy through the ceramic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation transmitted through a dental ceramic on five different resin cements. Materials and MethodsFive different resin cements were evaluated in this study: G-Cem LinkAce, Multilink Automix, Variolink II, Panavia F, and Rely X Unicem U100. Disc shaped resin cement specimens (n=10) were fabricated for each group. A ceramic disc was placed between the resin cement discs and the tip of the handpiece of Er:YAG laser device. The resin cement discs were irradiated through the ceramic and the volume of the resin cement discs were measured using a micro-CT system before and after Er:YAG laser irradiation. The volume loss of the resin cement discs was calculated and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey-HSD tests. ResultsThe highest volume loss was determined in G-Cem (1.10.6mm(3)) and Multilink (1.3 +/- 0.1mm(3)) (P<0.05) groups, and the lowest volume loss was determined in Rely X (0.3 +/- 0.07mm(3)), Variolink (0.4 +/- 0.2mm(3)), and Panavia (0.6 +/- 0.2mm(3)) groups (P<0.05). All resin cements were affected by the laser irradiation resulting in the volume loss of the cement; however, there are significant differences among different resin cements. ConclusionsAll the resin cements tested in this study were effected by the Er:YAG laser irradiation and there were significant differences among the resin cements with regard to ablation volume. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:602-607, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Effectiveness of Different Methods in Removing Dentin Caries of Primary Teeth: Micro-CT and SEM Evaluation(Journal Pedodontics Inc, 2022) Duruk, Gulsum; Kizilci, Esra; Malkoc, Meral ArslanObjectives: With the recent improvements in technology, the expectation of minimal invasion and maximal comfort in caries removal techniques is increasing. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of six caries removal methods in primary teeth. Study design: Sixty primary molars (10 teeth in each groups) were used. floor was examined before and after caries removal. After caries removal, the patency of the dentinal tubules was examined in two teeth from each group on SEM images. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon tests. Results: For six different caries removal methods, tooth mineral (inorganic, total) densities at cavity floors were compared among the groups after the procedures, and no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). On the SEM images, it was seen that the dentinal tubules were exposed and no smear layer was formed in the Carisolv group. Significant rough surfaces were exposed in the laser group. Conclusion: It was observed that alternative caries removal methods are at least as effective as the traditional method in primary teeth for clinical applications.Öğe Effects of Er:YAG Laser on Mineral Content of Sound Dentin in Primary Teeth(Hindawi Ltd, 2014) Guler, Cigdem; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Gorgen, Veli Alper; Dilber, Erhan; Bulbul, MehmetThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the mineral content of sound dentin in primary teeth prepared using an Er:YAG laser at two different power settings. Thirty-six primary second molars were used in this study. Three dentin slabs were obtained from each tooth, and the slabs were randomly divided into three groups: Group A, control; Group B, Er: YAG laser at 3.5 W, 175 mJ, and 20 Hz, short pulse mode; and Group C, Er: YAG laser at 4 W, 200 mJ, and 20 Hz, medium-short pulse mode. One dentin slab per group was used to evaluate the dentinal morphology and surface roughness values using SEM and profilometer, respectively. Mineral content in the dentin slabs were calculated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD tests. No significant differences in Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P levels or Ca/P ratio were found among the groups (P > 0.05). SEM micrographs showed that surface irregularities increased with a higher power setting. The surface roughness after laser treatment in Group B and Group C was found to be similar, unlike Group A.Öğe Evaluation of mineral content of dentin treated with desensitizing agents and neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser(Springer London Ltd, 2012) Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Sevimay, MujdeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral content of dentin prepared using three different desensitizing agents and the Nd:YAG laser. The occlusal third of the crowns of 30 molar teeth were cut with a slow-speed diamond saw sectioning machine under water cooling. Dentin slabs from the 30 teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups, each comprising six slabs. The five groups were treated as follows: group A, no treatment; group B, treatment with oxalate-containing desensitizing agent (BisBlock); group C, treatment with resin-based desensitizing agent (Admira Protect); group D, treatment with glutaraldehyde-containing desensitizing agent (Systemp); and group E, irradiation with the Nd:YAG laser (DEKATM ) at 0.40 W. The levels of Mg, P, Ca, K, and Na in each slab were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test. The effect of desensitizing agents and laser irradiation on the dentin surface were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. There were no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Group E was showed the lowest Ca/P ratio. SEM showed that the resin-based agent occluded the dentinal tubules, the glutaraldehyde-containing agent increased the Ca/P ratio, and Nd:YAG laser irradiation decreased the Ca/P ratio. The mean percentages by weight of Ca, Mg, K, Na and P were not affected by Nd:YAG laser irradiation or any of the desensitizing agents.Öğe Evaluation on Shear Bond Strength of Different Glass Ionomer and Hydroxy Apatite Cements Used in Ossiculoplasty(AVES,, 2015-01) Kalcioglu, M. Tayyar; Uzun, Ismail Hakki; Yalcin, Muhammet; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Öğreten, Ayse Tuba; Hanege, Fatih MehmetBackground: Glass ionomer cements (GIC) have been widely used in dentistry for many years. In recent years, GIC have also been used for ossiculoplasty. The bond strength of GIC used in ossiculoplasty and the way they may change over the years in the cementation area are being questioned. The bonding strength of the substance may be of importance for long-term outcomes. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the bond strength of different GIC on ossicles. Study Design: In vitro study. Methods: Twenty ossicles were obtained from patients who had undergone ear surgery. All specimens were randomly divided into four subgroups. All specimens were inserted into a specially designed apparatus for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The tested materials [Aqua Meron (AM), Aqua Cem (AC), Ketac Cem (KC), and Otomimix CPB (OH)] were prepared and applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The SBS was tested using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results: The mean SBSs were found to be 13.28 MPa, 23.43 MPa, 8.51MPa, and 1.78 MPa for AM, AC, KC, and OH, respectively. AC had the highest SBS, which was statistically significantly different from that of KC and OH (p<0.05). Both AM and KC had higher SBS than OH (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results obtained in this study by investigating the bone-bonding strength of cements widely used in ossiculoplasty demonstrate that some of these substances have a greater ability to bond to ossicles compared to others. Further clinical investigations are needed to test different parameters.Öğe Level of residual monomer released from orthodontic acrylic materials(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2014) Ica, R. Betul; Ozturk, Firat; Ates, Burhan; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Kelestemur, UnzileObjective: To quantify, with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), the amount of residual monomer leached from different orthodontic acrylic materials prepared with two different manipulation methods. Materials and Methods: Eighty cylindrical specimens (5 x 25 mm) were divided into eight groups (n = 10). The specimens were prepared with four acrylic materials Orthocryl Neon Blue (Dentaurum), Orthocryl EQ (Dentaurum), Orthoplast (Vertex), and 0-80 (Imicryl) and with two different manipulation methods: doughing and spray-on. HPLC measurements were made at intervals of 2 hours, 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week, and 3 months. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference multiple-comparison test were used to assess the amount of monomer eluted from the various groups. To assess the differences within each group over the various periods, repeated-measures ANOVA and paired t-tests were used. Results: Statistically significant differences were found within the groups in the amount of residual monomer in the specimens at different time intervals (P < .001). HPLC showed statistically significant differences among the groups (P < .05) in the amount of eluted monomer. Evaluation of the manipulation techniques showed that the monomer release rate was higher in the specimens prepared with the doughing method. When the four acrylic materials were compared, the specimens made from Orthoplast (Vertex) showed the highest rate of monomer release with both manipulation techniques. Conclusion: The spray-on method can be recommended to clinicians for the preparation of orthodontic appliances.Öğe Micro-CT Detection and Characterization of Porosity in Luting Cements(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Sevimay, Mujde; Tatar, Ilkan; Celik, Hakan HamdiPurpose: To evaluate porosity volume and localization in luting cements under fixed dental prostheses after cementation using micro-computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Seventy-seven sound molars were circumferentially prepared to receive all-ceramic crowns, and IPS e.max ceramic copings were fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions. For this study, different dental luting cements were used: eight resin-based cements (Variolink II, RelyX ARC, Clearfil Esthetic, BisCem, RelyX U100, Panavia EX, Super Bond C&B, and Multilink Automix), one resin-modified glass ionomer (Ketac Cem Plus), one glass ionomer (Ketac Cem), and one polycarboxylate (Durelon). Specimens were scanned with a micro-CT (SkyScan) for detection and comparison of the cements' porosities. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's adjusted Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Multilink Automix (Volume = 0.11 +/- 0.08 mm(3); Surface Area = 1.63 +/- 1.31 mm(2)), Ketac Cem Plus (Volume = 0.22 +/- 0.21 mm(3); Surface Area = 4.32 +/- 3.71mm(2)), and Variolink II (Volume= 0.34 +/- 0.38mm(3); Surface Area= 6.47 +/- 5.10 mm(2)) contained less porosity (p < 0.001) than all other cements. All other cements were not significantly different from one another (p > 0.05); however, the volume and surface area of the porosity found in the other tested luting cements were significantly greater than those of the Multilink Automix, Ketac Cem Plus, and Variolink II (p < 0.001), all of which demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The liquid and powder forms prepared by manually mixing the cements were found to cause greater porosity.Öğe Physical properties of different orthodontic cements(Urban & Vogel, 2015) Aksakalli, Sertac; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Corekci, Bayram; Malkoc, Siddik; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction. We evaluated the water absorption, solubility, and compressive strength of different cements and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs), namely AdhesorA (R), Ketac (TM) Cem, Ortho Band Paste LC (TM), Glass Ionomer Band Cement, and Transbond (TM) Plus. Our aims were to compare the mechanical and physical properties of the cements widely used in orthodontics and to define the most suitable cements in an oral environment in terms of those characteristics. Materials and methods. To assess compressive strength, the cements were subjected to compression tests done on a universal testing machine. To test water absorption and solubility, the weight changes in cement specimens were determined after immersion in distilled water for 1, 7, and 30 days. Results. Adhesor (R) and Ketac (TM) Cem presented significantly higher solubility values than other cements after water immersion for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our results revealed that the traditional orthodontic cements have higher water solubility and water absorption values as well as lower compressive strength values than the RMGICs used in this study. Furthermore, Transbond (TM) Plus revealed the highest compressive strength, whereas AdhesorA (R) showed the lowest.Öğe Physical Properties of Different Orthodontic Composites(Aves Press Ltd, 2014) Ozturk, Firat; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Corekci, Bayram; Aksakalli, Sertac; Malkoc, SiddikObjective: The aim of this study was to compare the water sorption, solubility, and compressive strength of 3 traditional orthodontic composites and 1 flowable composite after 1, 7, and 30 days of immersion in water. Materials and Method: The traditional orthodontic composites used in this study were ORTHO Bracket Paste (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA), Transbond XT (3M, Monrovia, CA, USA), and Light Bond (Reliance, Itasca, IL, USA). The flowable composite used was Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). The specimens were subjected to water sorption and solubility tests based on the ISO 4049 and ADA No. 8 requirements. Mechanical tests were performed with an Instron Universal Test Machine. Results: There were no significant differences in solubility among the 4 materials after 1 and 7 days (p > 0.05). Tetric EvoFlow had a lower compressive strength than the traditional orthodontic composites (p > 0.05) and exhibited significantly higher water sorption than the traditional orthodontic composites after immersing them in water for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results revealed that the flowable composite had higher solubility and water absorption but less compressive strength than the traditional orthodontic composite resins used in this study.Öğe Porcelain laminate veneer conditioning for orthodontic bonding: SEM-EDX analysis(Springer London Ltd, 2015) Aksakalli, Sertac; Ileri, Zehra; Yavuz, Tevfik; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Ozturk, NilgunThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different surface treatments and laser irradiation on the bond strength of brackets bonded to porcelain laminate veneer. Porcelain laminate veneer specimens were embedded in the centers of acrylic resin blocks. Thirty-nine teeth were used for shear bond strength testing and the remaining three (one tooth for each group) were used for evaluation of the debonded bracket interface. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups, each containing 13 specimens. The details of the groups are as follows: Group SB, sandblasting with alumina particles (50 mu m); Group HFA, 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid etching; Group ER, erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) irradiation (from 1 mm distance, 2 W, 10 Hz for 10 s). After conditioning, the upper central brackets were bonded to the porcelain surfaces. Porcelain laminate veneers were examined under stereomicroscope for adhesive remnant index and surface damage after debonding. The highest shear bond strength values were obtained with Group HFA (10.8 +/- 3.8 MPa) and Group ER (9.3 +/- 1.5 MPa), whereas Group SB revealed the lowest values. Scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis revealed that the silicon level in the porcelain decreased after debonding in all groups. The sandblasting method did not demonstrate any ideal bond strength values; however, the 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid etching and Er: YAG laser did. There were no significant differences among all groups in terms of laminate surface damages. The Er: YAG laser therefore can be selected for ideal bond strength and minimal damage to porcelain laminates.
