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    Aqueous humor penetration of topically applied ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and tobramycin
    (Ecv-Editio Cantor Verlag Medizin Naturwissenschaften, 1997) Durmaz, B; Marol, S; Durmaz, R; Oram, O; Hepsen, IF; Gunal, S
    The purpose of this study was to determine the aqueous humor concentrations of topically applied ciprofloxacin (GAS 86393-32-0), ofloxacin (GAS 82419-36-1) and tobramycin (GAS 79645-27-5). Thirty patients undergoing cataract extraction or trabeculectomy were randomly divided into three groups and each of the group received either 0.3 % ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or tobramycin topical drops preoperatively. Eyedrops were instilled for six times at a frequency of one drop every 15 minutes, beginning 90 minutes before initiation of the surgery. At the time of surgery, 0.1 mi aqueous fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber. Concentrations of the antimicrobial agents were determined using the microbroth dilution procedure outlined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) was used as a standard strain for determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The mean aqueous levels of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were found to be 0.092 +/- 0.077 mu g/ml, 0.964 +/- 0.693 mu g/ml, respectively. Tobramycin did not reach the concentration that could be detected by applied method. Conclusion: The mean aqueous humor levels of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were more than the MICs levels for most of the ocular pathogens which may cause postoperative endophthalmitis.
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    Effects of some probable antioxidants on selenite-induced cataract formation and oxidative stress-related parameters in rats
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 1999) Orhan, H; Marol, S; Hepsen, IF; Sahin, G
    The effect of several natural and synthetic compounds on selenite-induced cataract was investigated in rat pups. Simultaneous determination of glutathione S-transferase (GST), selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were carried out in the lens, erythrocyte and plasma. The results showed that propolis, diclofenac, vitamin C (Vit-C) and quercetin prevented cataract formation to the extent of 70, 60, 58.4, and 40%, respectively. Standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (Egb 761) did not affect the cataract formation. Selenite treatment caused a significant decrease in the activity of erythrocyte SOD. This was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the levels of MDA either in lens and in plasma. A significant increase was shown in erythrocyte GST (substrate ethacrynic acid; eaa), and GPx activities and lens GST (substrate chlorodinitro benzene; cdnb) activity. Antioxidant treatment caused significant changes in enzyme activities and MDA levels. There was no effect of selenite and antioxidants on total body weight increase during the course of the study. Blood parameters did not correlate to lens parameters following selenite treatment. Our results suggest that antioxidant supplementation following selenite exposure may prevent the cataract formation and may enhance antioxidant defence of blood and lens. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.