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Öğe Does Religiosity Affect Attitudes toward the Ethics of Tax Evasion? The Case of Turkey(Mdpi, 2020) McGee, Robert W.; Benk, Serkan; Yuzbasi, Bahadir; Budak, TamerThis study surveys the opinion of a wide segment of Turkish society on the ethics of tax evasion. The survey instrument includes 18 statements used to justify tax evasion in the past. The research also finds that some reasons to justify tax evasion proved more attractive to participants than others. In our survey, the strongest support for tax evasion was in cases where the government abused human rights, where the government was corrupt or wasted tax funds, or where the taxpayer did not benefit from the tax expenditures. Conversely, the weakest arguments were in cases where the taxpayer did benefit from the tax expenditures or where the tax funds were spent wisely. What separates this study from others on the ethics of tax evasion is that it addresses interpersonal and intrapersonal religiosity. Its finding confirms the existence of an important relationship between both interpersonal and intrapersonal religiosity and the view toward the ethics of tax evasion.Öğe EUROPEAN VIEWS ON TAX EVASION ATTITUDES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROMANIA, GERMANY AND ENGLAND(Masters Int Consultancy Res Publ, Mirdec, 2017) Benk, Serkan; Budak, Tamer; McGee, Robert W.; Batrancea, Larissa; Chirila, Loan; Nichita, Anca; Batrancea, Loan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe HOW RELIGIONS AFFECT ATTITUDES TOWARD ETHICS OF TAX EVASION? A COMPARATIVE AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS(Univ Babes-Bolyai, 2015) Benk, Serkan; McGee, Robert W.; Yuzbasi, BahadirThis paper focuses specifically on how religions shape attitudes towards ethics of tax evasion. Firstly, the paper begins with an overview of the four views on the ethics of tax evasion that have emerged over the centuries, then goes on to review some of the theoretical and empirical literature on the subject. The empirical part of the study examines attitudes toward tax evasion in 57 countries from the perspectives of six religions using the data from Wave 6 (2010-2014) of the World Values Survey. The sample population is more than 52,000. More than a dozen demographic variables were examined. The results study found that attitude toward cheating on taxes does differ by religion.Öğe How seriously do taxpayers regard tax evasion? A survey of opinion in England(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2019) James, Simon; McGee, Robert W.; Benk, Serkan; Budak, TamerPurpose Numerous studies have been done on various aspects of tax evasion in recent years. Some studies focus on compliance, while others examine more esoteric topics, such as optimum tax evasion. A third group of studies discusses theoretical issues, such as when tax evasion can be justified on moral grounds. A few studies have addressed the relative seriousness of tax evasion compared to other infractions. The purpose of this paper is in the latter category. Design/methodology/approach Wave 6 of the World Values Surveys (2010-2014) asked hundreds of questions to participants in 57 countries. One of those questions asked whether it was justifiable to evade taxes if one had the opportunity to do so. Another question asked whether it was justifiable to pay cash to avoid paying taxes. It also asked questions about other ethical issues such as bribery, avoiding a fare on public transport, claiming government benefits and buying stolen goods. The present study included those questions in a survey that was distributed to 485 students and faculty members at the University of Exeter in England to determine the relative seriousness of each act. They were asked to select a number from 1 (never justifiable) to 10 (always justifiable) to show the extent of their agreement or disagreement with the commission of the six acts. The goal was to determine how serious tax evasion was compared to other acts that might be considered unethical. One-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were used for the data analysis. Findings The results of the study show that the act considered least serious was paying cash for services to avoid tax followed in order of seriousness by avoiding a fare on public transport, cheating on taxes if you have a chance, buying stolen goods, claiming benefits without entitlement and, with least justification, accepting a bribe in the course of one's duty. Some interesting results emerged by examining the responses of different groups. Like other studies, the results indicate older groups tend to have a higher respect for the law than younger ones. This was true for the cheating on taxes possibility, but the 30-49 years age group were more opposed than the other two groups to paying cash for services to avoid taxes. In terms of gender, females were significantly more opposed than males to cheating on taxes if you have a chance. The respondents who are married were more opposed to the six acts, including of course, the two tax ones, than non-married persons. There was also evidence that the level of higher education makes a difference to individuals' opinions. Originality/value This is an important study in relation to England. It is the first study to do so. The relative seriousness of tax evasion is compared to other offenses. Mean scores are used to rank the various offenses in terms of relative seriousness. Various demographics are also examined to see whether some groups view tax evasion as more serious than other groups. Those demographics included gender, age, academic major, education level and marital status.Öğe Moral concerns and personal beliefs regarding tax evasion Empirical results from Germany, Romania, Turkey, and the United Kingdom(Routledge, 2021) Batrancea, Larissa; Nichita, Anca; Startin, Carla; Chirila, Ioan; Batrancea, Ioan; McGee, Robert W.; Benk, Serkan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Religion and Ethical Attitudes toward Accepting a Bribe: A Comparative Study(Mdpi, 2015) McGee, Robert W.; Benk, Serkan; Yuzbasi, BahadirThis study presents the results of an empirical study of ethical attitudes toward bribe taking in six religionsChristianity, Islam, Buddhism, the Baha'i faith, Hinduism, and Judaism. The paper begins with a discussion of the theoretical and empirical literature on the subject. The empirical part of the study examines attitudes toward accepting bribes in 57 countries from the perspectives of six religions using the data from Wave 6 (2010-2014) of the World Values Survey. The sample population is more than 52,000. More than a dozen demographic variables were examined. The study found that attitude toward bribe taking does differ by religion.Öğe Should Governments Tax the Rich and Subsidize the Poor? A Comparative Study of Muslim and Christian Respondents(Mdpi, 2019) McGee, Robert W.; Benk, Serkan; Yuzbasi, BahadirThis study used the most recent World Values Survey (WVS) dataset to determine whether Christian and Muslim views on the acceptability of taxing the rich and subsidizing the poor was an essential feature of democracy. The sample size included more than 23,000 individuals from more than 50 countries. More than a dozen socioeconomic and attitudinal variables were also examined to determine whether significant differences existed. The study found that differences in viewpoint were often significant.
