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    Effects of tianeptine pretreatment on stress-induced trace element alterations in rats
    (2009) Karakoç Y.; Kaşar M.; Mengi M.; Yildirm E.A.; Yurdakoş E.; Barutçu U.B.
    Introduction: Although the alterations in trace elements levels were shown in chronically restrainted rats, the association between stress-induced changes in trace element levels and the effects of psychopharmacological agents has not been well documented yet. Tianeptine has been a widely used antidepressant in experimental studies investigating stress related behavioral changes. In this study, we aimed to search the effects of tianeptine pretreatment on stress-induced trace element alterations in rat brain. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups: controls (n=9), chronic restraint stress group (n=7), chronic restraint stress+tianeptine group (n=9). Restraint stress procedure was 6 hours per day for 21 consecutive days and the rats had either intraperitoneal 1 ml saline injection or 10 mg/kg tianeptine twice a day within an interval of 8 hours. The rats were decapitated 30 minutes after the last restraint period. Following digestion procedures, Zn, Cu and Fe levels of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, brain stem, liver and spleen were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: We found that Cu and Fe levels were significantly increased in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and brain stem whereas Zn levels did not change significantly following chronic restraint stress. With tianeptine pretreatment Zn levels were significantly increased in all tissues investigated, whereas Cu and Fe levels were significantly decreased when compared with those of control and chronic restraint stress groups. Conclusions: We assume that the decreases in Cu and Fe levels might be the result of decreased induction of metallothionein-I due to inhibition of stress-evoked HPA axis by tianeptine. Increased levels of Zn might be associated with possible interaction between Zn and tianeptine through NMDA receptors. Consequently, it may be suggested that the effects of tianeptine pretreatment on trace element levels might account for its preventive effects on stress-induced behavioral disturbances.