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Öğe Amikacin ototoxicity enhanced by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)(Elsevier Science Bv, 2002) Miman, MC; Ozturan, O; Iraz, M; Erdem, T; Olmez, EAn animal study was realized to investigate the possible beneficial effect of EGb 761 as an antioxidant agent on amikacin ototoxicity by measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Twenty-eight adult rats were grouped equally as follows. Group amikacin: rats received amikacin 600 mg/kg/day intramuscularly between postnatal days (PND) 30 and PND44. Group amikacin/EGb 761: rats received amikacin 600 mg/kg/day intramuscularly between PND30 and PND44 and EGb 761 100 mg/kg/day orally between PND30 and PND50. Group EGb 761: rats received equivolume saline intramuscularly between PND30 and PND44 and EGb 761 100 mg/kg/day orally between PND30 and PND50. No treatment group: rats received nothing, Group amikacin was found to be affected only on the last measurement day of study (PND57). The frequencies greater than 2002 Hz were significantly reduced compared with the amplitudes of PND30 (P < 0.05). Group amikacin/EGb 761 was most and earliest affected by amikacin-induced ototoxicity. DPOAE amplitudes were found in this group to be decreased at 2-6 kHz starting on PND50. The results of Group EGb 761 and No treatment group were not significantly changed. For the DPOAE input/output amplitude thresholds, Group amikacin (P < 0.05) and Group amikacin/EGb 761 (P < 0.01) had significantly elevated thresholds on PND57, except at 5 kHz for Group amikacin (P = 0,06), According to the results of the study, EGb 761 may be regarded as a facilitating drug for the development of amikacin ototoxicity. The results of the present study may warn against concomitant use of aminoglycosides, specifically amikacin, with EGb 761. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Anthropometric growth study of normal human auricle(Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd, 2003) Kalcioglu, MT; Miman, MC; Toplu, Y; Yakinci, C; Ozturan, OObjective: The aim of this study was to reveal the anthropometric growth of auricula from birth to the age of 18 years and to bring out the dynamics of ear growth. Material and methods: A total of 1552 children in 50 groups were evaluated. Six surface measurements were performed directly on the right auricle of the subjects: the length from the superaurale to subaurale, the width from the tragus to helix, the width from the tragus to antihelix, the concha[ depth, the height from the helix to mastoid at superauraler level, and the height from the helix to mastoid at tragal level. The frequency of prominent ear deformity and the degree of attachment of the lobule were also noted. Results: Vertical auricular growth was complete in girls at the age of 11 and in boys at the age of 12, whereas the auricular width from the tragus to helix, the height from the helix to mastoid at superauraler level and the height from the helix to mastoid at tragal level were found almost complete at the age of 6. The auricular width from the tragus to antihelix attained its full size at 6 months for girls and 12 months for boys. The conchal. depth was found almost complete at the age of 5 in both sexes. The incidence of prominent ear deformity and attached lobule was 9.8 and 26.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Different ear growth pattern and maturation size from previously published reports are obtained in different populations. There is still need for future studies comparing populations with different social and ethnic background to interpret common knowledge about the size of the ear. This study gives dimensional information and the growth pattern of the auricle, and therefore may reveal important implications for the adequate timing of the surgical treatment of auricular deformity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Autoclaving the ossicles provides safe autografts in cholesteatoma(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2002) Miman, MC; Aydin, NE; Öncel, S; Özturan, O; Erdem, TObjective: The choice of the graft in ossicular chain reconstruction during middle ear surgery for cholesteatoma is a subject still discussed on. In order to clarify the discussion of reuse of the autologous ossicles obtained during middle ear surgery for cholesteatoma. we evaluated the probability of residual disease histologically and the safety of the ossicles after autoclavization, the most promoting alternative method to eradicate residual cholesteatoma and infection on them. Methods: The specimens used in this study were eroded twenty-seven ossicles (22 incuses, 5 malleoli) which were removed from the 27 consecutive patients operated because of cholesteatomato us middle ear disease. They were grouped as follows: Group 1, Fifteen ossicles examined histopathologically directly. Group 2, Five ossicles autoclaved for 20 min at 134 C and then examined histopathologically. Group 3, Five ossicles autoclaved for 20 min at 134 C after mechanical surface cleaning by a fine diamond drill, examined histopathologically. Group 4, Two ossicles removed from two different patients were placed in their mastoid cavities in order to be examined after access in the second-look operation. While one ossicle was only autoclaved, the other was mechanically cleaned by a drill before autoclavization (for 20 min at 134 C). The ossicles were examined histopathologically after the removal at the second stage operation performed 12 months later. Results: In Group 1, all ossicles showed evidence of periosteal thickening. Additional findings were surface cholesteatoma or epithelia in 13 ossicles, surface inflammation in 12 ossicles, granulation tissue in 10 ossicles, osteitis in six ossicles. In Group 2, all five ossicles had preserved their lamellar structure but, no vital cells were seen. The lacunes that had the osteocytes was almost completely empty. The inflammatory cells were eliminated from the ossicles. In Group 3, ossicles were found well preserved with their lamellar structures and contours, with empty lacunes and eliminated inflammatory cells. In Group 4, in two ossicles of this group the lacunes were replaced by the new migrated viable osteocytes with evidence of new bone formation and neovascularisation. No new inflammatory focus or epithelia were found on the surfaces of the ossicles. The shape and the contour of the ossicles remained unchanged. Conclusion: In cholesteatoma surgery, ossicles with minimal erosion and adequate thickness can be used after autoclavization. In this study, it was observed histopathologically that the autoclaving autologous ossicles before ossiculoplasty in cholesteatomatous middle ear is a safe and reliable method. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion;: Focusing on the high positivity of Alloiococcus otitidis(Luigi Ponzio E Figlio, 2002) Kalcioglu, MT; Oncel, S; Durmaz, R; Otlu, B; Miman, MC; Ozturan, OThe etiology of otitis media with effusion (OME) is unclear. The bacterial analyses of middle ear effusion (MEE) in OME may reveal important information regarding its etiology. Alloiococcus otitidis, Heamophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis were investigated by using microbiologic culture and a multiplex PCR method in the middle ear fluid of 32 children (54 samples) with chronic OME. PCR yielded positive results in 18 (33.3%) middle ear effusions while culture resulted positive for 3 (5.6%). The PCR method detected A. otitidis in 10 (18.5%) specimens, H. influenzae in 7 (13%), M. catarrhalis in 4 (7.4%) and S. pneumoniae in 2 (3.7%) specimens. The multiplex PCR method enhances the detection rate significantly compared to that of the conventional culture method. A. otitidis is the most common detected pathogen in the MEE of the OME.Öğe Butylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for columellar incision closure(Headley Brothers Ltd, 2001) Ozturan, O; Miman, MC; Aktas, D; Oncel, SCosmetic outcome of the columellar incision closure in external rhinoplasty patients has been a subject of discussion. This study was conducted to assess whether tissue adhesives provide an alternative option for sutureless closure of columellar skin incisions for cases utilizing open technique rhinoplastic surgery. One hundred and one patients undergoing external rhinoplasty were randomized to either topical application of butylcyanoacrylate or polypropylene sutures for columellar skin closure. The majority of tension on the wound edges was taken up using 5-0 chromic catgut. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by two otolaryngologists independently using visual analogue and Hollander wound evaluation scales in a blinded manner. There was no statistically significant difference in cosmesis between the surgeons' evaluation scores for either type or repair of the columellar incision. Since the tissue adhesive forms its own protective barrier, post-operative care is simplified. Closure with adhesives eliminates the need for post-operative suture removal requiring an extra visit that should lead to more efficient use of physician and patient time. Butylcyanoacrylate performs cosmetically as well as standard suture closure of columellar skin incision used for external rhinoplasty.Öğe Cervical subcutaneous emphysema: an unusual complication of adenotonsillectomy(Blackwell Science Ltd, 2001) Miman, MC; Ozturan, O; Durmus, M; Kalcioglu, MT; Gedik, ERemoval of the tonsils and adenoid tissue because of recurrent infection and/or respiratory obstruction is one of the most commonly performed operations. A rare complication during this intervention is subcutaneous surgical emphysema. The awareness of anaesthesiologists and otolaryngological surgeons will protect the patient from serious consequences. We report our experience with this complication and provide a review of the literature.Öğe Doppler echocardiography in adenotonsillar hypertrophy(Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd, 2000) Miman, MC; Kirazli, T; Ozyurek, RObjective: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy causing upper airway obstruction may lead to the pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic methods of this complication, besides polysomnography, to find another objective criterion for surgical intervention and to demonstrate the curative effect of adenotonsillectomy on this complication using this objective criterion. Methods: We studied the outcomes of 17 children with pulmonary hypertension secondary to the adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Pulmonary arterial pressure measurement was performed noninvasively by Doppler echocardiography. Results: Mean preoperative pulmonary arterial pressure was 29.12 +/- 4.11 mmHg and decreased dramatically after relief of upper airway obstruction by adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy to the normal level of 12.06 +/- 3.09 mmHg. These results were analyzed by equal variances t-test and found very significant (P < 0.01). Regarding the symptoms of upper respiratory obstruction, symptom scores of these children decreased very significantly and were analyzed by equal variances t-test (P < 0.01) in the postoperative period. For all the symptoms individually (snoring, mouth-breathing during sleep and daytime, hyponasal voice, restless sleeping, daytime somnolence, enuresis nocturnal), comparing percentages of preoperative and postoperative symptoms by unequal variances t-test, we obtained very significant decrease (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This study illustrates that Doppler echocardiography is a safe, practical and noninvasive - method in diagnosing cardiovasculary disturbances - one of the complications of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and especially for measuring the pulmonary arterial pressure. All the symptoms and disorders due to the adenotonsillar hypertrophy may be reversible by performing early adeno- and/or tonsillectomy. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Dose-dependent dual effect of melatonin on ototoxicity induced by amikacin in adult rats(Springer, 2005) Erdem, T; Ozturan, O; Iraz, M; Miman, MC; Olmez, EThe aim of this animal study was to reveal the dose-dependent effects of melatonin on aminoglycoside ototoxicity by utilizing distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Forty-four adult ( aged 12 months) rats were divided into five groups. Rats of the control group ( group C) were injected with vehicle, while the melatonin group ( group M) received melatonin ( 4 mg/kg per day); there were four rats in each of these groups. The study groups consisted of 12 rats per group, and they were treated as follows: 600 mg/kg per day amikacin ( group A), amikacin plus a low dose (0.4 mg/kg per day) melatonin ( group AML) and amikacin plus high dose ( 4 mg/kg per day) melatonin ( group AMH) for 14 days. During the serial measurements on days 0, 5, 10 and 15, the DPOAE results of groups C, M and AML were not significantly changed. Amikacin ototoxicity findings for input/output (I/O) functions were detected on the 3rd measurement of the study in group A. High-dose melatonin clearly enhanced and accelerated amikacin-induced ototoxicity. The DP-gram amplitudes and I/O amplitudes were reduced, and I/O thresholds were increased in group AMH. Group AMH was the group that was affected the most and earliest by amikacin. Our study results showed that while low-dose melatonin protected the inner ear from ototoxicity, high dose melatonin facilitated amikacin-induced ototoxicity, possibly via the vasodilatory effect, leading to an increased accumulation of amikacin in the inner ear. Probably, the protective effect of the melatonin at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg per day is related to its antioxidant properties. Apparently, the vasodilatory effect of melatonin seems to be more prominent than its antioxidant effect in high doses.Öğe Effect of nasal septal deviation on total ethmoid cell volume(Cambridge Univ Press, 2006) Firat, AK; Miman, MC; Firat, Y; Karakas, M; Ozturan, O; Altinok, TBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nasal septal deviation (NSD) on ethmoid cell volume and to determine whether there was any correlation between NSD grade and ethmoid cell volume. Methods: Forty computerized tomography (CT) scans from patients with rhinosinusitis symptoms with NSD were evaluated. Septal deviations were classified into three groups according to the degree of deviation on CT. Ethmoid cell volumes were measured and the relationship between NSD and ethmoid cell volume was investigated. Results: There was a moderate but significant negative correlation between the septal deviation angle and the percentage of the ethmoid cell volumes (p = 0.001, r = -0.5152, r(2) = 0.2654). Total ethmoid cell volume on the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side was found to decrease as the degree of NSD increased. Conclusions: Nasal septal deviation affects the total ethmoid cell volume of the nasal cavity. The results of our study underline the role of ethmoid cell volume in the compensation mechanism equalizing the nasal cavity airflow changes due to NSD.Öğe Effects of chronic exposure of electromagnetic fields from mobile phones on hearing in rats(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Kizilay, A; Ozturan, O; Erdem, T; Kalcioglu, MT; Miman, MCObjective: Little attention has been paid to the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) of mobile phones on hearing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to EMF emitting from mobile phones on the inner ear of adult and developing rats using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Methods: EMF of mobile phones exposure was scheduled according to a sham-exposure controlled experimental design. Every day seven of 14 adult and four newborn rats were exposed to 1-h mobile phone EMF for 30 days, while the other seven adult rats were assigned to control group. DPOAEs were measured in both groups before and after the chronic exposure to EMF. The newborn rats were tested following similar exposure beginning on the 2nd day after birth. Results: No measurable EMF associated changes in DPOAEs either in adult or developing rat inner ears were determined (P > 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that chronic exposure of EMF, as long as 30 days 1 h per day, emitting from a mobile phone did not cause any hearing deterioration in adult and developing rats, at least at outer and middle ear and cochlear levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of partial neuromuscular blockade on facial nerve monitorization in otologic surgery(Taylor & Francis As, 2003) Kizilay, A; Aladag, I; Cokkeser, Y; Miman, MC; Ozturan, O; Gulhas, NObjective-Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is administered as part of a general anesthetic in order to keep the Patient immobilized during surgery and has been known to hinder intraoperative neuromonitorization. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of NMB on electrical stimulation thresholds of the facial nerve during otologic surgery. Material and Methods-Intraoperative facial nerve monitorization was performed in 29 patients with advanced middle ear disease. Electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded by insertion of needle electrodes into the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. Minimal facial nerve stimulations causing EMG responses in the facial musculature were measured during full recovery from the effects of muscular relaxants and with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels of NMB. These defined NMB levels were maintained by the administration of a drip infusion of atracurium and were assessed objectively by recording the hypothenar muscle action. Results-All of the patients had detectable EMG responses of the facial musculature at the 50% and 75% levels of NMB in response to the electrical stimulation of the facial nerve. The corresponding mean stimulation thresholds were 0.10 +/- 0.08 and 0.11 +/- 0.09 mA, respectively. No responses were measured in 31% of the patients when the level of peripheral NMB was 100%. Conclusion-This study suggests that a regulated 50% level of peripheral NMB provides reliable intraoperative EMG monitoring of the facial musculature in response to electrical stimulation and adequate anesthesia, with full immobilization of the patient.Öğe The effects of the chorda tympani damage on submandibular glands: biometric changes(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Miman, MC; Sigirci, A; Ozturan, O; Karatas, E; Erdem, TObjective: It was aimed to analyze the biometric changes in ipsilateral submandibular glands of patients with unilateral chorda tympani (ChT) section during otological operations, compared with change in size of the contralateral glands and with those of healthy subjects. Method: 29 patients with unilateral complete ChT section and 29 healthy subjects with identical ages, genders, and weights to the patient group were examined ultrasonographically. The patients having a mean duration to follow-up examination of 32 months (2-84 months) were subdivided into two groups by their time to follow-up as short-term patient group (2-12 months. 14 patients) and long-term patient group (13-84 months. 15 patients). The ultrasonographic dimensions and volumes of submandibular glands were compared statistically between the groups. Results: In the patient group. the glands on the contralateral, non-operated side were found to be greater than the ipsilateral. denervated glands in terms of both paramandibular depth dimension (P <0.05) and volume (P <0.01). The differences could be determined only in long-term patient group. When comparing the submandibular glands of the patient group with those of the control group, it was found that paramandibular depth dimension and volume of the submandibular g-lands on the contralateral, non-operated side were statistically greater (P <0.01). There was no difference between submandibular glands on the operated side of the patient group and those of the control group (P >0.05). Conclusion: The late (13-84 months) biometric results of ChT damage on submandibular gland were significant for increase in the size of the contralateral, non-denervated submandibular gland. An atrophying effect was not ascertained in the submandibular glands denervated parasympathetically due to the section of the ChT. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of the chorda tympani damage on submandibular glands: scintigraphic changes(Cambridge Univ Press, 2004) Yagmur, C; Miman, MC; Karatas, E; Akarcay, M; Erdem, T; Ozturan, OThe aim of this study is to compare the scintigraphic results of a denervated submandibular gland with the contralateral normal side in patients with unilateral chorda tympani damage. Sixteen patients (11 women and five men with a mean age of 27) with unilateral proven chorda tympani damage during their previous ear surgery were included in the study. The perfusion ratio (PR), concentration ratio (CR) and stimulated excretion ratio (SER) were calculated scintigraphically and the results from the salivary glands on opposite sides were compared. For submandibular glands, the perfusion ratio (PR), concentration ratio (CR) and stimulated excretion ratio (SER) were found to be 0.65 +/- 0.21, 0.70 +/- 0.21, 0.79 +/- 0.37, respectively. All ratios resulted from statistically decreased radioactivity accumulation on the affected side (P<0.05). Chorda tympani damage negatively affects the function of the ipsilateral submandibular glands despite the absence of atrophy. Dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy is a practical and valuable method of disclosing the decreased capacity of perfusion, concentration and secretion function in unilateral neurological deprivation.Öğe Effects of the electromagnetic field of mobile telephones on hearing(Taylor & Francis As, 2002) Ozturan, O; Erdem, T; Miman, MC; Kalcioglu, MT; Oncel, SThe widespread use of mobile telephones has given rise to concern about the potential influences of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human health. Anatomically, the ear is in close proximity to the mobile telephone during use. Hearing loss due to mobile telephone use has not been described in the medical literature however, if there is a subtle cochlear involvement, it might be detected by means of changes in evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), Thirty volunteers with normal hearing were exposed to mobile telephone EMFs for 10 min and evoked OAEs were measured before and after exposure. No measurable change in evoked OAEs was detected and none of the subjects reported a deterioration in hearing level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the effects of EMFs emitted by mobile telephones on hearing. It was concluded that a 10-min exposure to the EMF emitted from a mobile telephone had no effect on hearing, at least at outer ear. middle ear and cochlear levels.Öğe Exploration of the early auditory effects of hyperlipoproteinemia and diabetes mellitus using otoacoustic emissions(Springer-Verlag, 2003) Erdem, T; Ozturan, O; Miman, MC; Ozturk, C; Karatas, EAlthough the relationship between hearing loss and hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) or diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown in many clinical investigations, this concept is still controversial. A prospective study was designed to search for the existence of subclinical auditory dysfunction related to HLP and DM by transient-evoked (TEOAEs) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in patients with hearing levels better than 30 dB. Evoked otoacoustic emissions were utilized to investigate subclinical auditory dysfunction. Fifteen hypercholesterolemic patients (28 ears), 21 hypertriglyceridemic patients (42 ears) and 21 DM patients (40 ears) were eligible for investigation. The results of the DPOAEs and TEOAEs of the study groups were compared with the control group composed of individuals with similar ages and with normal blood lipids and glycemia. This group consisted of 22 people (44 ears). There was no difference in the existence of TEOAEs at all frequencies among the groups (P>0.05). No differences were found in the amplitudes of the DPOAES between the groups except at 4 kHz (P>0.05). The difference was caused by the hypertriglyceridemia group (P=0.014) and the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) group (P=0.012) when compared with the control group. The mean DPOAE amplitudes of the hypertriglyceridemic and NIDDM groups at 4 kHz were higher, than those of the control group. The decreased DPOAE amplitudes at 4 kHz in hypertriglyceridemic and diabetic patients without clinical findings are compatible with the sensorineural hearing loss observed with hyperviscosity and increased noise susceptibility, as was shown before in these patients. Longitudinal investigations should be performed with otoacoustic emissions to help with the early prediction of the prospective effects of HLP and DM on the auditory system.Öğe Glomus jugulare(Sage Publications Ltd, 2002) Miman, MC; Aktas, D; Oncel, S; Ozturan, O; Kalcioglu, MT[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Inferior oblique paresis, mydriasis, and accommodative palsy as temporary complications of sinus surgery(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004) Bayramlar, H; Miman, MC; Demirel, SA 15-year-old boy had temporary hypertropia, supraduction deficit, ipsilateral mydriasis, and accommodative paresis after bilateral endoscopic ethmoidectomy, bilateral partial inferior turbinectomy, septoplasty, and Caldwell-Luc procedures for chronic sinusitis. Postoperative imaging did not disclose any intra-orbital abnormalities. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone 70 mg/day on a tapering schedule. Within two months, the ophthalmic abnormalities had resolved. This is the second report to describe such findings., which are attributed to damage of the inferior division of the third cranial nerve secondary to manipulation of adjacent ethmoid tissues.Öğe Internal nasal valve(Mosby, Inc, 2006) Miman, MC; Deliktas, H; Özturan, O; Toplu, Y; Akarçay, MOBJECTIVES: Comprehensive examination of the internal nasal valve (INV) using objective methods. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: In this prospective study, 248 nasal cavities were examined by nasal endoscopy, acoustic rhinometry (ARM), and rhinomanometry (RMM). RESULTS: Endoscopic examination allowed to suggest a novel classification of INV: convex, concave, sharp angle, blunt angle, twisted caudal border, and angle occupied by the septal body. The INV angle occupied with septal body type was found to have increased nasal resistances compared with the sharp-angled internal nasal valve type (P < 0.05). Convex, concave, and sharp-angle types of INV angles were found different (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: INV should be examined objectively before any INV surgery. A novel description of the INV configurations and their effects on nasal respiration found in this study may increase our understanding and lead surgical approaches more adequately. A surgical attempt to augment INV angle value may impact positively on nasal resistance. EBM rating: C-4 (C) 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Intrinsic nasal muscles and their electromyographic evaluation after external septorhinoplasty(Mosby, Inc, 2001) Ozturan, O; Ozcan, C; Miman, MCOBJECTIVES: Rhinoplastic surgery is performed for the improvement in the appearance of the nose, but it should not cause any detrimental effect on the intrinsic muscles. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the external rhinoplasty on intrinsic nasal muscles. METHODS: Twenty-one patients were operated on by external septorhinoplasty. Functions of the nasal muscles were assessed by electromyography in response to voluntary nasal movements in patients before and after surgery. RESULTS: Postoperative electromyographic activities of the muscles were significantly less than preoperative measurements for all movements. CONCLUSION: Influence of the surgical incisions, alterations of the sites of origin and/or insertion of the muscles, and the postoperative healing process can be incriminated for the decreased muscular activity. Nasal muscle function requires a better appreciation and respect for the achievement of the best aesthetic and functional results. The nasal valve reconstructive procedures should be applied routinely to compensate for this inevitable muscular involvement.Öğe Maxillary sinus hypoplasia(Int Rhinologic Soc, 2002) Erdem, T; Aktas, D; Erdem, G; Miman, MC; Ozturan, OMaxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) is an uncommonly, encountered condition by otolaryngologists. Pie computerized tomography (CT) scans provide valuable data about the anatomic details of the paranasal sinuses. MSH may, be misdiagnosed as an infection or a neoplasm of the maxillary, sinuses. Variations of the other paranasal structures, especially the uncinate process associated with MSH were defined. MSH shows three distinct hypoplasia patterns. Type I MSH characteristics are mild hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus, normal uncinate process and a well-developed infundibular passage. Significant hypoplasia of the maxillary, sinus, hypoplastic or absent uncinate process and absent or pathologic infundibular passage are seen in Type II MSH. Type III MSH is characterized by the absence of an uncinate process and cleft-like maxillary, sinus hypoplasia. In this study a series of 18 patients with MSH were presented. Twelve cases of unilateral and 6 cases of bilateral maxillary, antrum hypoplasia were evaluated and 13 MSH hype 1, 7 MSH type II and 4 MSH type III were detected. Three ethmomaxillary sinuses, an overpneumatized posterior ethmoid cell into the orbit and the maxillary sinus were determined. Our series showed that the uncinate process anomalies related to MSH malY lead to inadvertent orbital complications and therefore should be kept in mind.
