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    A novel UA-CPME-FAAS method for simultaneous determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) in grape and pomegranate samples using a bis (phthalimidoethyloxy)anthraquinone ligand
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2025) Mumcu, Taskin; Mumcu, Akin; Yilmaz, Ulku
    In this study, a novel ultrasound-assisted cloud point microextraction (UA-CPME) method coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) ions in fruit samples. The extraction strategy employed synthesized 1,8-bis(phthalimidoethyloxy)anthraquinone ligand, used for the first time in a CPME system. Under optimized conditions, the metal-ligand complexes were efficiently extracted into the surfactant rich phase using the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 at mild temperature and pH. The analytical performance of the method was remarkable, with low detection limits (0.6 mu g L-1 for Pb, 0.5 mu g L-1 for Cd, and 0.4 mu g L-1 for Cu), wide linear ranges (Pb: 0.7-350, Cd: 0.7-400, Cu: 0.5-400 mu g L-1), and excellent recoveries ranging from 95.6 % to 99.4 % with relative standard deviations below 2 %. The method was successfully applied to real grape and pomegranate juice samples, high recoveries and demonstrating minimal matrix effects. Matrix-matched calibration was not required, confirming the method's robustness and selectivity across different sample types. Furthermore, the use of a non toxic surfactant and elimination of organic solvents highlight the green and eco friendly nature of the method. Overall, the proposed UA-CPME-FAAS approach offers a simple, sensitive, cost effective, and environmentally sustainable solution for trace level multimetal analysis in complex food matrices such as fruit based samples.
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    Emission based sensing of N-acetyl cysteine via silver equipped anthraquinone derivatives
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2026) Mumcu, Taskin; Oncuoglu, Serkan; Mumcu, Akin; Yilmaz, Ulku; Ertekin, Kadriye
    In this work we investigated emission-based response of silver complexes of two newly synthesized anthraquinone derivatives for N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and thioglycolic acid. The interaction of the probes, DHAdibenzonitrile and DHA-dibutanenitrile with silver nanoparticles resulted in metal chelation and following quenching of the fluorescence. To determine whether the emission intensity of the complexes was re-stored again, thiol compounds; NAC and thioglycolic acid were used. The released dyes re-emitted light, allowing the system to exhibit an intensity-based turn-on type sensor behavior for the NAC and thioglycolic acid, respectively. The re-stored fluorescence was monitored as a strong emission based analytical signal at 560 nm. The complex stoichiometries were investigated using several approaches, including Job's plot, density functional theory (DFT) and FT-IR measurements. The findings relying on HOMO-LUMO and energy gap calculations highlight that Ag coordination and following acetylcysteine adduction significantly re-shape both local nucleophilic and electrophilic regions, modulating the global electronic structure and reactivity of anthraquinone derivatives. N-acetylcysteine exhibited an exceptional spectral response at pH 9.0 in a buffered solution exhibiting 13.6 and 14.4-fold enhancement in the emission intensity, respectively. The reported linear responses for a concentration range of; 1.0 x 10-5 M-1.0 x 10-2 M, can easily be adopted to determination of the NAC levels in drugs, in vitro studies or in serum samples. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of the DHA-dibutanenitrile derivative for the NAC molecule were found to be 1.28 x 10-6 and 1.21 x 10-5 mol x L-1, respectively. Similarly, the DHA-dibenzonitrile exhibited 1.11 x 10-6 and 1.28 x 10-5 mol x L-1 of LOD and LOQ values, respectively.