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    Effects of metals on seed germination, root elongation, and Coleoptile and hypocotyl growth in Triticum aestivum and Cucumis sativus
    (Springer-Verlag, 2002) Munzuroglu, O; Geckil, H
    A simple, fast, and easy-to-perform method was carried out for the quantification of the inhibitory effects of metals on wheat and cucumber. The method uses seed germination, root elongation, and hypocotyl and coleoptile growth in these plants as parameters in the presence of varying concentrations of metals. Metals selected for this study were Hg, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Although effective concentrations of these metals for a certain degree of inhibition were different, both plants had a reduced seed germination rate, root, and hypocotyl or coleoptile length with increasing concentrations. Mercury was determined to be the most inhibitory metal on these parameters. This metal caused a complete inhibition of germination in wheat and cucumber seeds at certain concentrations-greater than or equal to1.5 mM in cucumber and at 1.7 mM in wheat. No other metal caused this kind of inhibition even at the highest concentration (8.0 mM) applied. Though this metal possessed a higher inhibition of germination in cucumber than in wheat seeds, the inhibitory effects of other metals used were the reverse, being higher in wheat. With some exceptions, all metals in selected concentrations caused a significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) decrease in germination rate of both plants compared to control group seeds.
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    Effects of simulated acid rain on the pollen germination and pollen tube growth of apple (Malus sylvestris Miller cv. Golden)
    (Akademiai Kiado, 2003) Munzuroglu, O; Obek, E; Geckil, H
    The pollens of apple flowers have been treated with simulated acid rain solutions in range of pHs 2.9 to 5.0 in order to determine the threshold proportion values that lead the observed symptoms of detriments of acid rain. Compared to controls (pH 6.5), pollen germination decreased by 41.75% at pH 3.3 and pollen tube elongation decreased by 24.3% at pH 3.4. Acid rain threshold proportion value was around pH 3.3 and 3.4 for apple pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, respectively. Furthermore, pollen tube elongation was determined to be more sensitive to acid rain than pollen germination. The pH values below 3.1 resulted in complete destruction of pollen tubes. Pollen germination entirely stopped at around pH 3.0. Finally, it has been shown that the acid rain has a blocking effect on pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in apple. The conclusion is that not only pH value but also the quantity of acid rain is important factor in germination. The results were found statistically significant through the LSD test at levels of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
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    The vitamin and selenium contents of apricot fruit of different varieties cultivated in different geographical regions
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Munzuroglu, O; Karatas, F; Geckil, H
    High-pressure liquid chromatographic and fluorometric methods were utilized to determine the vitamin (A, C, E and beta-carotene) and selenium levels in apricot fruit. The vitamins (A, C, and E), beta-carotene and selenium levels of both fresh and sulphurized (sulphur-dried) apricot fruit from several common cultivars and wild type, grown in different regions, were analysed. The effects of post-harvest processing, regional difference and cultivar type on the levels of these nutrients were investigated. Cultivated varieties possessed significantly higher vitamin C (P < 0.01), vitamin A and E (P < 0.05) than the wild type. The vitamin C levels of fresh and sulphur-dried apricot from cultivated forms, for example, were 1.8-2.7- and 2.9-4.6-fold, respectively, higher than those of wild type ones. Among cultivated varieties, H cultivar was determined to have significantly highest vitamin A, E and beta-carotene contents (P<0.05). In general, the vitamin, beta-carotene and selenium levels were determined to be significantly different, both between varieties and between different regions within the same variety. Cultivars in region ES, a high altitude region, for example, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher vitamin C content than the same cultivars grown in other regions. The selenium content, however, was significantly (P<0.01) higher only in fresh fruit from variety HB in region ES than the other two regions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.