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    Effects of Different Combinations of Er:YAG Laser-Adhesives on Enamel Demineralization and Bracket Bond Strength
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2016) Cokakoglu, Serpil; Nalcaci, Ruhi; Usumez, Serdar; Malkoc, Siddik
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the demineralization around brackets and shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel at different power settings with various adhesive systems combinations. Methods: A total of 108 premolar teeth were used in this study. Teeth were assigned into three groups according to the etching procedure, then each group divided into three subgroups based on the application of different adhesive systems. There were a total of nine groups as follows. Group 1: Acid + Transbond XT Primer; group 2: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond XT Primer; group 3: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond XT Primer; group 4: Transbond Plus self-etching primer (SEP); group 5: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond Plus SEP; group 6: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond Plus SEP; group 7: Clearfil Protect Bond; group 8: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Clearfil Protect Bond; group 9: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Clearfil Protect Bond. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT Adhesive Paste in all groups. Teeth to be evaluated for demineralization and SBS were exposed to pH and thermal cyclings, respectively. Then, demineralization samples were scanned with micro-CT to determine lesion depth values. For SBS test, a universal testing machine was used and adhesive remnant was index scored after debonding. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: No significant differences were found among the lesion depth values of the various groups, except for G7 and G8, in which the lowest values were recorded. The lowest SBS values were in G7, whereas the highest were in G9. The differences between the other groups were not significant. Conclusions: Er:YAG laser did not have a positive effect on prevention of enamel demineralization. When two step self-etch adhesive is preferred for bonding brackets, laser etching at 1 W (100 mJ, 10 Hz) is suggested to improve SBS of brackets.
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    Effects of direct and indirect bonding techniques on bond strength and microleakage after thermocycling
    (Korean Assoc Orthodontists, 2009) Ozturk, Firat; Babacan, Hasan; Nalcaci, Ruhi; Kustarci, Alper
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets and microleakage of a tooth-adhesive-bracket complex bonded with a direct and an indirect bonding technique after thermocycling. Methods: Fifty non-carious human premolars were divided into two equal groups. In the direct bonding group a light-cured adhesive and a primer (Transbond XT) was used. In the indirect-bonding group, a light-cured adhesive (Transbond XT) and chemical-cured primer (Sondhi Rapid Set) were used. After polymerization, the teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 hours and thereafter subjected to thermal cycling (500 cycles). For the microleakage evaluation, 10 teeth from each group were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, and examined under a stereomicroscope. Fifteen teeth from each group were used for SBS testing with the universal testing machine and adhesive remnant index (ARI) evaluation. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: There were no statistical differences on SBS and microleakage between the two bonding techniques. The indirect bonding group had a significantly lower ARI score. Bracket failures were obtained between enamel-resin interfaces. Conclusions: The type of bonding technique did not significantly affect the amount of microleakage and SBS. (Korean J Orthod 2009;39(6):393-401)
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    Effects of Orthodontic Treatment on Patients' Dental Anxiety and Oral Health Knowledge
    (Aves Press Ltd, 2009) Ozturk, Firat; Sokucu, Oral; Demirer, Serhat; Nalcaci, Ruhi; Ozdemir, Hakan
    The aim of this study was to investigate effects of orthodontic treatment on both anxiety and oral health knowledge of orthodontic patients. The study was carried out in 184 patients. Four groups were formed according to the stage of orthodontic treatment. Group 1 consisted of 47 individuals selected from patients who were awaiting orthodontic treatment; groups 2 and 3, comprised 44 and 46 individuals who had been undergoing orthodontic treatment for a period of 1-12 and 12-26 months respectively, and group 4, 47 orthodontically treated individuals. The modified Dental Anxiety Scale was used to measure dental anxiety. Oral health knowledge was assessed using several questions concerning etiology, symptoms and prevention. Chi-squire test was used for statistical assessment. The anxiety level of patients in group 1 was significantly higher than the subjects in group 4. Patients in groups 2, 3 and 4 mostly knew that gum bleeding is a sign of periodontal disease (81.8, 84.7, 80.1 per cent respectively); and this was 63.8 per cent for group 1. Patients in all groups were aware how to prevent, however those who were undergoing or had completed treatment were more informed about symptoms of periodontal disease. Only 19.6 and 52.1 per cent of subjects in group 3 had the knowledge to identify dental plaque and what it can cause respectively; which was the highest ratio among the groups. Orthodontic treatment involves some degree of exposure, consequently creates a positive influence on patients' anxiety and periodontal health knowledge.
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    Long-Term Antibacterial Effects of Different Orthodontic Cements
    (Aves, 2011) Ozturk, Firat; Yalcin, Muhammet; Arslan, Ugur; Nalcaci, Ruhi; Aksakalli, Sertac
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of different orthodontic cements using a direct contact test (DCT). Materials and Methods: The antibacterial properties of 6 orthodontic cements were evaluated with DCT. For the DCT, wells (n=8) of 96-microtiter plates were coated with the tested cements (Durelon, Ketac-Cem Radiopaque, GC Fuji Ortho Band LC Paste Pak, Meron, Ultra Band Lok, and 3M Unitek Multi Cure). A Streptococcus mutans suspension was placed on the surface of each specimen for 1 hour at 37 degrees C. Bacterial growth was monitored for 16 hours with a temperature-controlled microplate spectropho-tometer. The kinetics of the outgrowth in each well was recorded continuously at 650 nm every 30 minutes. Additional experiments were performed in which the tested materials were aged for 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and Tamhane's T2 multiple comparison test. Results: The results of the DCT showed that, freshly mixed samples of 3M Multi Cure (P=0.02), GC Fuji Ortho (P=0.04), Meron (P=0.001), and Durelon (P=0.001) showed antibacterial activity. After aging for one week 3M Unitek Multi Cure (P=0.000), Durelon (P=0.03) still showed antibacterial activity. In the experiments with 1 month aged specimens, only Durelon (P=0.001) showed antibacterial activity. In the 3 months aged specimens, 3M Multi Cure (P=0.000), GC Fuji Ortho (P=0.001), and Durelon (P=0.001) showed antibacterial property. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, 3M Unitek Multi Cure, GC Fuji Ortho, and Durelon, showed antibacterial properties during study period.
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    The Relationship of Orthodontic Treatment Need with Periodontal Status, Dental Caries, and Sociodemographic Factors
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012) Nalcaci, Ruhi; Demirer, Serhat; Ozturk, Firat; Altan, Burcu A.; Sokucu, Oral; Bostanci, Vildan
    The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of orthodontic malocclusion with periodontal status, dental caries, and sociodemographic status. Our study population consisted of a sample of 836 school children (384 male and 452 female, aged 1114 years). Four experienced orthodontists and two experienced periodontists performed the clinical examinations. The Treatment Priority Index (TPI), Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores, and a questionnaire that surveyed socio-demographic status of students were used. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between variables. TPI scores showed that 36.4% of the students had normal occlusion, while 41.2% had slight, 15.7% had definite, 4% had severe, and 2.7% had very severe malocclusion. TPI values did not show any significant differences between pupils in different age, gender, socioeconomic status groups, and CPITN scores, whereas there was a significant relationship between TPI and DMFT scores. The orthodontic treatment need was not significantly correlated with CPITN or socio-demographic status; however, the correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between TPI and DMFT scores.