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    Evaluating of geosynthetics reinforced road base with plate loading tests
    (Pamukkale Univ, 2021) Ok, Bahadir; Demir, Ahmet; Sarici, Talha; Ovali, Mesut
    The use of geosynthetics as reinforcement for the base layer of flexible pavement systems has grown steadily over the past thirty years. Although geosynthetic reinforcements can lead to improved pavement performance, the specific conditions or mechanisms that govern the reinforcement are unclear, largely remaining unidentified and unmeasured. In this study, the assessment of the effect of geogrids on the roads that is reinforced granular fill layer over soft clay soil, section's ability to support before and after traffic loads were investigated using plate loading tests in situ. The results of the field tests show that geosynthetic reinforcement as is an effective method in reducing deformation and repairing granular fill layer overlying soft foundations.
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    Evaluation of Granular Fill Layer Underlain by Soft Clay Soil Using Large Scale Cyclic Plate Loading Tests
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2023) Demir, Ahmet; Ok, Bahadir; Sarici, Talha
    In general, granular fill materials are widely used to construct new pavement and rehabilitate old pavement. For pavement design, it is essential to know the basic characteristics, such as the permanent deformation behavior of these materials. Considering this phenomenon, this study aims to explain the performance of granular fill layers in pavement systems using cyclic plate load tests. For this purpose, a large-scale cyclic plate load test facility, also known as pavement model testing (PMT), was developed to investigate the permanent deformation characteristics of the pavement structure. To conduct experiments, a standard pavement structure was built with granular fill layers on top of a soft clay subgrade and a geotextile between the subgrade and the base layer. The PMT was used to apply a 40 kN cyclic load through a steel plate with a 305 mm diameter for up to 10,000 cycles after the pavement structure was built. A total of four tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of the granular fill layer's thickness on the pavement's permanent deformation. Furthermore, an analytical solution was developed for the fill layer thickness using the test results. Additionally, the outcomes of some previous studies in the literature were compared to the ones that were obtained. The results of this study indicate that the permanent deformations of the pavement structure and the subgrade increased with the number of load cycles. The permanent deformations began to limit at 3000 cycles when the fill layer thickness was 20 cm, but it was observed that deformations did not limit at 3000 cycles when the fill layer thickness increased to 45 cm. Also, the permanent deformations decreased by two times when the granular fill layer thickness doubled appropriately.
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    Evaluation of Rockfill Stabilized-Geosynthetics Reinforced Road Base with Repeated Plate Loading Tests
    (Mdpi, 2024) Demir, Ahmet; Ok, Bahadir; Sarici, Talha
    In this study, the performance of unpaved road sections over soft clay soil geosynthetic-reinforced and stabilized with rock fill layer was evaluated using repeated plate loading tests. A total of 10 field tests were carried out using a circular model rigid plate with a diameter of 0.30 m. The parameters investigated included the location and type of geosynthetics and loading conditions (number of loading cycle and traffic loading condition). Based on the test results, the least deformation was observed in the rockfill section. The geocell placed at a depth of one-third thickness of the granular fill layer from the top showed improved performance and was more effective as compared with other geosynthetic reinforcements. However, for granular fill geosynthetic-reinforced or stabilized with rock fill layer, the results demonstrate an improvement in the rutting performance of the pavement and the definite trend of increasing reloading elastic modulus, depending on the traffic loading situation. It has been also observed that the use of geocell or geogrid reinforcement in granular fill layer or more rigid rockfill layer provides an important increase in the modulus improvement ratio (MIR) by at least 36%, 45% and 60% compared to the granular fill section, respectively.
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    Geotechnical properties of recycled construction and demolition materials for filling applications
    (Elsevier, 2020) Ok, Bahadir; Sarici, Talha; Talaslioglu, Tugrul; Yildiz, Abdulazim
    Modern societies make a hard effort to improve the sustainability of resources due to enhanced environmental sensitivities in nowadays. This paper investigates the usability of recycled construction and demolition materials as an alternative to virgin aggregates in geotechnical applications such as the filling. The physical and geotechnical properties of recycled construction and demolition materials were determined by laboratory tests (i.e. sieve test, flatness test, Los Angeles abrasion test, water absorption test, pycnometer test, modified compaction test, California bearing ratio test, unconfined compressive strength test and resilient modulus test) and a comprehensive laboratory evaluation was carried out. Moreover, similar tests were conducted with a type of high quality virgin aggregate material frequently used in fillings. The results of the tests conducted on construction and demolition materials were compared with results of the tests conducted on both virgin aggregate and different recycled aggregates which are accepted as an alternative to virgin aggregates used in the filling in the literature. Results of the tests conducted on construction and demolition materials were also evaluated according to the limit values in technical specifications of highway administrations of various countries. As a result of this study, it has been concluded that construction and demolition materials can be a good alternative to virgin aggregate used in the filling provided that it is taken measure against excessive water absorption value.
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    Investigation of the construction and demolition materials reinforced by geosynthetics
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Ok, Bahadir; Sarici, Talha; Demir, Ahmet; Talaslioglu, Tugrul; Yildiz, Abdulazim
    Many researchers suggest using construction and demolition materials in engineering applications (C & D) rather than virgin aggregates (VA). However, the engineering properties of the C & D tend to be poorer than those of the VA. This study presents the results of plate loading tests performed on unpaved roads with the C & D, reinforced by different types of geosynthetics on the soft subgrade. As part of these tests, the effects of some geosynthetics' parameters such as (1) the embedment depth, (2) height and pocket opening of geocell, (3) the embedment depths and number of geogrids, (4) the distance between geogrids, and (5) the stiffness of geotextile on the bearing capacity of the unpaved road were investigated. Besides, the same plate loading test was also conducted on an unpaved road built by the VA. As a result of this study, although the performance of the C & D was determined to be less than that of the VA, it was concluded that the C & D performed well enough to be used as an alternative to the VA on unpaved roads. Besides, with a very small number of geosynthetics, it was determined that the C & D could have a better performance than that of the VA.
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    Model studies on recycled whole rubber tyre reinforced granular fillings on weak soil
    (Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Construccion Civil, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Sarici, Talha; Ok, Bahadir
    The main purpose of this study is to determine the stress-strain behaviour of a rigid circular footing placed on recycled rubber tyre-reinforced granular filling built on weak soil. For this purpose, model plate loading tests were carried out on reinforced/unreinforced granular filling built with natural aggregates (NA) or construction and demolition waste materials (CDW). The rubber tyre used for reinforcement has become a waste material by completing its service life but it has retained its typical cylindrical shape. In model plate loading tests, the effects of the granular fillings, the type of fillings material and the placement of whole rubber tyre and/or geotextile in the granular fillings were investigated. Depending on the results of tests, it was determined that the bearing capacity was increased by reinforcing with the rubber tyre and/or the geotextile. Furthermore, it was specified that the highest increase in bearing capacity was occurred case of by reinforcing with the geotextile together with the rubber tyre of the granular filling. The CDW and the NA fills reinforced with geotextile together with the rubber tyre increased the bearing capacity of weak soils by 6.59 and 8.49 times, respectively, for the 5% deformation ratio. On the other hand, it was reported that although the bearing capacity of the NA was higher than that of the CDW, the bearing capacity of the reinforced CDW approached that of the NA.
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    THE RESILIENT MODULUS OF HYBRID CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES REINFORCED BY A GEOGRID
    (Univ Maribor, 2022) Sarici, Talha; Ok, Bahadir; Mert, Aykan; Comez, Senol
    The use of construction and demolition wastes (C&D) in engineering applications is an important development for better sustainability. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to increase the use of C&D by improving their engineering behaviour. For this purpose, two methods were employed in this study: first, adding the virgin aggregates (VA) to the C&D, called hybrid C&D (C&D-VA), and second, reinforcing the C&D with a geogrid material. Test samples were prepared in six groups.The first three test groups were prepared with C&D, VA and C&D-VA. The other three test groups were formed with geogrid-reinforced C&D, VA and C&D-VA. Firstly, for the strength characteristics of the samples, the unconfined compressive strength and the California bearing ratio values were obtained with large-scale experiments. Subsequently, for the resilient behaviour of the samples, the resilient modulus values were determined using a large-scale triaxial test device. Consequently, some significant improvements were achieved via the methods employed in this study. In addition, it was observed that the best reinforcement effect for the C&D occurred when the geogrid was used and the VA was added to the C&D.