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    Do children with Wilson's disease have distinct craniofacial morphology? A cephalometric study
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Kilic, Nihat; Sumbullu, M. Akif; Ertekin, Vildan; Catal, Gulhan; Cakur, Binali; Oktay, Husamettin; Selimoglu, Mukadder Ayse
    Objectives: Patients with Wilson's disease (WD) develop osseous changes such as osteoporosis, spontaneous fractures, areas of sclerosis and demineralization of maxillary and mandibular bones, and neurologic symptoms including swallowing dysfunctions, which may affect dento-facial growth. However, dento-maxillo-facial structures of these patients have never been investigated. The present study aimed to discover if subjects with WD have different dentofacial structures. Methods: Lateral cephalometric films of 13 children (5 males and 8 females) with WD and of 15 normal subjects (6 males and 9 females) were evaluated. Mean ages of the patients and controls were 12.62 +/- 3.09 years and 12.01 +/- 1.38 years, respectively. Lateral cephalometric cranial films of all subjects were taken in the same cephalostat in a habitual and unstrained body posture. Thirteen linear and 11 angular parameters were measured to describe the craniofacial characteristics of the subjects. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between parameters of normal children and children with WD, with the exception of palatal plane inclination. The inclination of palatal plane was higher in children with WD than in normal subjects. Conclusions: Children with WD and healthy children have approximately the same dento-maxillo-facial structures. However, increased palatal plane inclination may be a finding of WD. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of force magnitude on relapse: An experimental study in rabbits
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2011) Kilic, Nihat; Oktay, Husamettin; Ersoz, Mustafa
    Introduction: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of 2 force levels on the amount of relapse and to determine whether there is a relationship between the rates of tooth movement and relapse. Methods: Approximately 20-g (group I) and 60-g (group II) forces were applied to the maxillary central incisors of 25 young adult (14 weeks of age) New Zealand female rabbits. Active tooth movement lasted 20 days. Then, the appliances were removed, and the incisors were released. The distance between the incisors was measured daily from the midlevels of the crowns by using a digital caliper during the active phase of tooth movement for 20 days, and then relapse was measured at the same level for 37 days. Analysis of variance and the Bonferroni multiple range test were used for statistical analyses. Results: After active tooth movement, the mean total opening amounts were 3.98 +/- 0.59 mm in group I and 4.82 +/- 0.82 mm in group II, and the mean difference was approximately 0.8 mm. A rapid relapse was observed on the initial days in both groups, and its rate decreased with time. Significant relapse was observed in the first 5 and 8 days of the experiment in 20-g and 60-g force groups, respectively. The relapse in group II was significantly greater than in group I only on the first day of experiment. Statistically significant correlations were found between total tooth movement and relapse (R=0.896, P<0.001). Conclusions: These results showed a close relationship between the amount of relapse and orthodontic force magnitude. Greater relapse occurred during the initial days after appliance removal, and this indicates that retention appliances are needed immediately after the removal of orthodontic appliances. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:44-50)