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    Determination of Mineral, Fatty Acid, and Soluble Carbohydrate Profiles of Green Algae Ulva rigida, Chaetomorpha linum, Codium fragile, Caulerpa prolifera and Caulerpa racemosa f. requienii Collected from Turkiye Coasts
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2025) Yucetepe, Aysun; Altuntas, Umit; Sensu, Eda; Izci, Yunus; Ozcelik, Beraat; Okudan, Emine Sukran
    The nutritional properties of five different green macroalgae including Ulva rigida, Chaetomorpha linum, Codium fragile, Caulerpa prolifera and Caulerpa racemosa f. requienii from Turkey were investigated. The chemical composition of green macroalgae was varied, with ash, crude fiber, protein, lipid and carbohydrate ranging from 40.71 to 52.82%, 12.02-17.56%, 4.40-26.19%, 0.57-3.85% and 4.58-42.28% in dry weight, respectively. The fatty acid contents of the algae were quite variable and palmitic acid (C16) was found to be the primary fatty acid for all the samples with a value of more than 49.61%. Palmitic acid was followed by oleic acid, which is a monounsaturated fatty acid. This study revealed that green algae are rich in important soluble carbohydrates such as myo-inositol and glucose, health promoting unsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic acid) and essential macroelements such as potassium, magnesium and microelements such as iron, zinc and selenium. The results of the current study contribute to a better understanding of macroalgae and encourage their use in food-related applications.
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    Investigation of storage stability and in vitro digestion of nanoemulsions loaded carotenoids from Gracilaria dura, Sargassum acinarium and Ulva rigida macroalgae
    (Springer, 2025) Kosar, Maide; Arslan, Mustafa Enes; Mohammed, Aziz; Saribas, Gamze; Durmaz, Gokhan; Okudan, Emine Sukran; Ozcelik, Beraat
    This research determined the potential utilization of carotenoids extracted from macroalgae collected in the coastal water of T & uuml;rkiye in the food industry. Carotenoids were extracted from Gracilaria dura, Sargassum acinarium and Ulva rigida collected from T & uuml;rkiye seas by using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction. Then, physical and storage stabilities of nanoemulsions including carotenoid and bioaccessibility of beta-carotenoid during in vitro digestion were investigated. According to the study findings, carotenoid nanoemulsions were prepared with an encapsulation efficiency ranging approximately between 87% and 94%. The encapsulated carotenoids exhibited a superior ability to maintain stability in terms of both carotenoid content and antioxidant activity during in vitro digestion as compared to their non-encapsulated counterparts (p < 0.05). Chromatographic analysis of carotenoid profiles revealed the presence of beta-carotene in nanoemulsions derived from Gracilaria dura, Sargassum acinarium and Ulva rigida. A reduction in the amount of beta-carotene was observed in the nanoemulsions during in vitro digestion (p < 0.05). Results from the storage stability study indicate that the oxidative stability of algal carotenoid nanoemulsions was better than that of the control (p < 0.05). Conversely, destabilization occurred in algal carotenoid nanoemulsions on the seventh day of storage due to creaming. Lightness (L*) and color intensity (a*, b*) of the nanoemulsions gradually decreased over the 28-day storage period (p < 0.05). This study emphasizes the potential application of carotenoids from Gracilaria dura, Sargassum acinarium and Ulva rigida macroalgae in food products.
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    Proximate analysis and fatty acid, mineral and soluble carbohydrate profiles of some brown macroalgae collected from Turkiye coasts
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2023) Yucetepe, Aysun; Aydar, Elif Feyza; Okudan, Emine Sukran; Ozcelik, Beraat; Durmaz, Gokhan
    In this study, the fatty acid, carbohydrate, and mineral profiles and proximate composition of Halopteris scoparia, Padina pavonica, Zanardinia typus, Cladostephus spongiosum, Sargassum vulgare, and Sargassum acinarium brown macroalgae collected from Turkiye seas were determined. According to the results, the ash and total carbohydrate contents of all macroalgae ranged from 20.79 to 53.49% in dry weight (dw) and from 15.32 to 55.13% dw, respectively. Their protein, lipid and crude fiber contents changed between 4.22 and 9.89% dw, 0.25 and 0.90% dw, and 12.28 and 16.01% dw, respectively. Palmitic acid (29.36-48.55% dw) and oleic acid (8.92-20.92% dw) were at the highest levels in all brown macroalgae. In addition, they included prominent levels of saturated fatty acids (51.87-69.56% dw of total fatty acid content). Magnesium (6.97-18.78 mg/kg dw), potassium (1.34-3.78 mg/kg dw), iron (1.27-8.24 mg/kg dw), and manganese (63.10-252.23 mu g/kg dw) were found to be the major minerals. The main soluble carbohydrates of macroalgae were found to be mannitol (1149.99-8676.31 mg/kg dw), glucose (368.78-1305.59 mg/kg dw), myo-inositol (225.96-956.78 mg/kg dw), fructose (137.05-689.21 mg/kg dw), and sucrose (189.55-328.06 mg/kg dw). This study revealed that brown macroalgae are particularly rich in potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc and they may have potential for use in the food industry.