Yazar "Olam, Mikail" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 8 / 8
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Atık plastiklerin mikrodalga ve termal yöntemlerle pirolizi(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2019) Olam, MikailHidrokarbonların polimerizasyonu ile elde edilen plastikler, modern dünyanın taleplerini karşılamak için her yıl 400 milyon tondan fazla üretilmektedir. Plastikler dayanıklı, güçlü, ucuz ve çok sayıda başka özelliğe sahip önemli bir malzemedir. Bu da her geçen gün plastiklerin kullanım miktarını artırmaktadır. Ancak, plastikler doğada uzun süre bozunmadan kalabildikleri için çevre kirliliği açısından önemli sorunlar oluşturmaktadır. Öte yandan, kentleşmedeki sürekli artış ve sanayileşme enerji talebinde önemli bir artışa neden olmuştur. Günümüzde bu talebi karşılamak için geleneksel enerji kaynaklarının yanında alternatif enerji kaynaklarının araştırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Atık plastiklerin uygun yöntemlerle alternatif enerji kaynaklarına dönüştürülmesi, hem çevre kirliliği hem de alternatif yakıt elde edilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, atık plastiklerden polietilen tereftalat (PET) piroliz yöntemi ile alternatif yeni bir sıvı yakıta dönüşümü incelenmiştir. Piroliz deneyleri kesikli bir reaktörde, katalitik ve katalitik olmayan koşullarda, 15-90 dk reaksiyon süresi, 325-425 °C reaksiyon sıcaklığı, 1/4 katı/çözücü oranlarında ve başlangıç 20 bar azot gazı ortamında yapılmıştır. Atık plastik örnekleri ham ve mikrodalgada ön işlem görmüş olarak kullanılmıştır. Ham ve mikrodalgada ön işlem görmüş örneklerin katalitik ve katalitik olmayan koşullardaki pirolizi sonucunda uygun reaksiyon sıcaklığı 375-400 °C ve reaksiyon süresi 30 dk olarak bulunmuştur. Mikrodalgada ön işlem süresinin sıvılaşma ürünleri üzerinde kısmi bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mikrodalgada ön işlem görmüş örneğin katalitik koşullardaki optimum değerlerde pirolizi sonucunda toplam dönüşüm % 62,4 ve yağ+gaz verimi % 38,7 oranında elde edilmiştir. GC-MS analiz sonuçlarına göre, elde edilen yağlar önemli ölçüde tek ve çok halkalı aromatik bileşikler ve poliaromatik bileşiklerden oluşmaktadır.Öğe Characterization of Products Obtained by Co-Liquefaction of Elbistan Lignite and Apricot Kernel Shell(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2019) Karaca, Huseyin; Olam, Mikail; Cavusoglu, BugraIn this study, the characterization of products obtained with the co-liquefaction of Elbistan lignite and biomass is made by using the apricot kernel shell as the biomass. The liquefaction tests were carried out in an inert atmosphere in non-catalytic conditions. The calorific value, proximate and elemental analyses of the solid products and the calorific value, elemental analyses and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the liquid products obtained with the liquefaction were made. The qualitative and quantitative analysis were made by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After the characterization process, the effect of the process parameters on the composition of solid and liquid products were also determined.Öğe Characterization of products obtained of waste polyethylene terephthalate by pyrolysis(Wiley, 2022) Olam, Mikail; Karaca, HuseyinIn this study, waste polyethylene terephthalate (wPET) was converted to liquid fuel by the pyrolysis method. It was also investigated both effects of microwave pre-treatment and catalyst (sodium borohydride) on total conversion and oil + gas yield. The reaction temperature of 375-425 degrees C and the reaction time of 30 min are sufficient for the pyrolysis of waste plastic samples in a batch reactor. In the pyrolysis of wPETs, the highest oil + gas yield of 45% was obtained under the conditions of reaction temperature of 425 degrees C and reaction time of 30 min. The highest total conversion was 62% of microwave pre-treated wPETs under catalytic conditions. It can be argued that microwave pre-treatment and NaBH4 influence the oil + gas yield in pyrolysis experiments. According to the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis results of the oil products, they consist of aromatic, mono and multi-ring aromatic compounds and polyaromatic compounds. Higher heating values of the solid products obtained in pyrolysis are approximately 4000-6000 cal/g. According to X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the solid products, they consist largely of crystalline terephthalic acid (C8H6O4).Öğe Co-carbonization of hazelnut shell and lemna minor: its effectiveness in adsorption of crystal violet from an aqueous solution(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Olam, MikailCo-carbonization of waste biomass is of great interest to reduce production costs and increase carbon yields. In this study, it was investigated to produce cost-effective and high carbon yield activated carbons by carbonizing lemna minor (LM) and hazelnut shell (HS) wastes together. In this context, LM and HS were co-carbonized at 800 degrees C, 100 mL/min of N-2 for 90 min, and their carbonization yields, adsorption capacities, physical and chemical properties were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultimate and proximate analysis were performed. According to XRD analysis, HS is amorphous, LM is semi-crystalline, but the crystalline structure increased after co-carbonization. Based on the FTIR analysis LM, HS, and cLM/HS contain various functional groups, including O-H, C-H, and C-O. The adsorption capacity and CV removal, obtained by co-carbonized LM and HS (cLM/HS), are 87.95 mg/g and 88%, respectively. Its specific surface area is 745 m(2)/g. This study showed that the cLM/HS is a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTÖğe Direct liquefaction of low rank lignite with peach seed kernel and waste polypropylene for alternative fuel production(Elsevier, 2023) Gunduz, Figen; Olam, Mikail; Karaca, HueseyinIn this study, alternative fuel potentials to petroleum were investigated by direct liquefaction of peach seed kernel (PSK), Mugla-Yatagan lignite (MYL) and waste polypropylene (wPP) separately and together. The effects of PSK and wPP on the yield and selectivity of oil products obtained by direct liquefaction of MYL were also examined. Direct liquefaction experiments were performed in a batch reactor at 1/3 solid/solvent, reaction temperature of 400 degrees C and reaction time of 60 min. The highest total conversion and oil + gas yield were 95% and 85% direct liquefaction of wPP, respectively. According to the calorific value analysis of the chars, the highest gross calorific value of chars was 7709 cal/g in the liquefaction of PSK, and the lowest net calorific value was 2783 cal/g in the liquefaction of MYL. PSK and wPP increased oil yield of MLY from 28% to 60% and 68%, respectively. According to the GC-MS analysis of oils (light liquid products), alternative fuels to gasoline can be produced by direct liquefaction of PSK, wPP and wPP/MYL. Alternative fuels to diesel can be produced by direct liquefaction of MYL and PSK/MYL. The co-liquefaction of MYL with wPP and PSK improved the yield and product components of the oils. The oil + gas yield of MYL was approximately increased PSK by 12% and wPP by 6%.Öğe Effects of Process Parameters on the Co-Liquefaction of Elbistan Lignite and Apricot Kernel Shell(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2019) Karaca, Huseyin; Cavusoglu, Bugra; Olam, MikailIn this study, the co-liquefaction of Elbistan lignite and biomass investigated by using apricot kernel shell as a biomass type. The liquefaction experiments were carried out under inert atmosphere and non-catalytic conditions. The effect of particle size, coal/biomass ratio, and reaction temperature were examined as a process variable to determine the effect of process parameters on total conversion of products obtained by liquefaction and the conversion of liquefaction products.Öğe Optimization of process parameters at direct liquefaction of waste PETs(Elsevier, 2023) Olam, Mikail; Karaca, HuseyinWaste polyethylene terephthalate (wPET) was converted to liquid fuel by direct liquefaction method. Addi-tionally, how the catalyst (sodium borohydride) and microwave pre-treatment affect the total conversion and the char yield were investigated. Direct liquefaction experiments were carried out in a batch reactor under non-catalytic/catalytic conditions, and reaction temperature of 325-425 degrees C, and solid/solvent ratio of 1/4, and reac-tion time of 15-90 min, and microwave pre-treatment time of 3-10 min, and an initial nitrogen pressure of 20 bar. Both the microwave pre-treatment and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) increased the total conversion in the direct liquefaction of wPETs. According to fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of char samples obtained in the direct liquefaction process, the NaBH4 was converted to sodium borate (Na2B8O13). NaBH4 made both hydrogen (H) donating and catalytic effect. The highest total conversion in direct liquefaction of wPETs, which has at the reaction time of 30 min, and the reaction temperature of 400 degrees C, and in presence of NaBH4, and the microwave pre-treatment of 3 and 8 min, was 62%. The optimum process parameters in direct liquefaction of wPETs are the reaction time of 30 min, and reaction temperature of 400 degrees C, and the microwave pre-treatment time of 3 min.Öğe Production of activated carbon from duckweed and its effectiveness in crystal violet adsorption(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Olam, Mikail; Gunduz, Figen; Karaca, HuseyinWith the increase in the use of paint in industrial areas, the rate of dye in wastewater is also increasing. Therefore, the adsorbents used to remove the dye in wastewater are gaining considerable importance. The potential of duckweed (DW) in adsorption of crystal violet (CV), a water-soluble and toxic organic dye, was investigated. Characterization of the adsorbent was made by FTIR, SEM and pHzpc (zero charge point) analyses, and the pHzpc value was 7.75 pH. The effects of temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose and solution pH on CV removal were determined. According to the results obtained, the optimum pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature and contact time were 6 pH, 30 mg L-1, 0.5 g, 30 degrees C and 60 min, respectively. The adsorption data were best fitted with Freundlich isotherm (R-2 = 0.9714) and maximum adsorption capacity of 61.06 mg g(-1) was determined from the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption of CV by carbonized duckweed (cDW) follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R-2 >= 0.999). Thermodynamic results of the adsorption process show that adsorption can occur spontaneously (Delta G(0) <= -5.302 kJ mol(-1)) and that the process is endothermic (Delta H degrees = 5.92 kJ mol(-1)). The results of this study showed that cDWs are cost-effective adsorbent for effective removal of crystal violet dye.
