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Öğe Classless Idleness as a Philosophy of Life and Happiness Doctrine(Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2019) Onal, MehmetIn this study, first of all, the definition of idleness, its history, similarities or differences with parasitism and laziness will be examined. Then, the differences of meanings attributed by the idle groups or individuals to the word idleness during the course of history will be discussed. The question whether or not idleness can be established as a way of life today will be the basis of this study. On this basis, both basic concepts such as idleness theory, social idleness, idleness class and self-sufficiency virtue, and whether or not idleness can constitute an alternative to capitalist imperialism will be the sub-debates respectively. In fact, one of the most devastating consequences of the capitalist production-consumption frenzy is the environmental disasters caused by the injustice of income and imbalance of ecology as a result of pollution. The main thesis of the article is that being neither an ideology nor anarchism, but an antithesis movement, the idle lifestyle is not laziness, but a philosophy of life and doctrine of happiness, which can serve deep ecology and may even overthrow the capitalist and imperialist system.Öğe Co-liquefaction Behaviour of Elbistan Lignite and Olive Bagasse(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2016) Karta, Mesut; Depci, Tolga; Karaca, Huseyin; Onal, Mehmet; Coskun, M. AliIn the present study, co-liquefaction potential of Elbistan lignite and Balikesir olive bagasse were investigated by direct coal liquefaction process. The olive bagasse is a cheap and abundant biomass, so it is used to decrease the cost of oil production from the lignite. The effect of blending ratio of the lignite and the olive bagasse on liquefaction conversion and oil yield were investigated. Characterization studies of the starting materials were done using XRD, FTIR, DTA/TG and elemental analysis. Elemental compositions of liquefaction products were also determined and the composition of the obtained oil was identified by GC/MS. DTA and TGA results indicated the synergistic effect of the lignite and the olive bagasse and maximum oil conversion (36 %) was obtained from 1: 3 blending ratio of lignite: olive bagasse. The results showed that the obtained oil was paraffinic-low waxy oil with 22.5 MJ/kg of calorific value and 0.95 g/cm(3) density.Öğe Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary evaporites in the Malatya Basin, eastern Turkey(Springer, 2015) Ayyildiz, Turhan; Varol, Baki; Onal, Mehmet; Tekin, Erdogan; Gundogan, IbrahimThe Malatya basin is situated on the Anatolid-Torid plate of the Neo-Tethys Sea. Evaporites were deposited in the northwestern part of the Malatya basin, which is referred to as the Hekimhan sub-basin. Although the Gunduzbey sub-basin in the southeastern Malatya basin has coeval deposits, it contains no evaporate deposits. The evaporite is most likely the result of the last transgressive-regressive cycle of the Late Cretaceous Sea. The pre-evaporitic unit is represented by the carbonate platform deposit of the Loftusia banks, which partly underwent dolomitization and overlies the deep marine sediments. Celestite-bearing algal limestone was deposited directly below the gypsum-dominated evaporate unit in association with the organic-rich mudstone. Evaporite sedimentation took place in various types of environments, such as marginal shallow subaqueous with the association of sabkha-coastal lagoon and deeper subaqueous. It is assumed that the tectonic evolution of the basin margin, which occurred during the latest stage of the Cretaceous regression, was responsible for the environmental restriction leading to evaporate sedimentation under arid/semiarid climatic conditions. The Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios obtained from 38 samples of the gypsum and celestite-bearing limestones (11 samples) range between 0.707817 and 0.707980 and between 0.707783 and 0.707864, respectively. The delta S-34 values range from +19.5 to +22.4 aEuro degrees, and the delta O-18 values range from +9.6 to +12.7 aEuro degrees. These isotopic signatures correspond to that of Late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene (Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary) marine water. However, celestite exhibit(s) relatively higher delta S-34 and Sr-87/Sr-86 values than expected marine values, which could be a result of contribution of diagenetic fluid into the celestite-precipitated environment.Öğe Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Acidic Pumices Outcrop North of Lake Van(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2016) Yucel, Aysegul; Efe, Tugba; Onal, Mehmet; Depci, Tolga; Aydin, HarunIn the present study, mineralogical, physical and chemical characteristics of the pumice located in North of Lake Van locations were investigated to find an applicability of them for cement and textile industry. Characterization studies of the pumice samples were carried out by thin section, SEM, XRF, XRD and FTIR analysis. In addition, the bulk density, Hard Grove Index (HGI), pozzolanic activity and reactive silica of the pumice samples were determined. The overall results showed that the pumice samples, which might be an eruption product of Mount Suphan, had an amorphous structure and rhyolite composition in high calcalkaline series. The chemical compositions and physical properties indicated that the pumice samples could be used in cement and textile industry.Öğe Ontological and Epistemological Foundations of Contemporary Pragmatic and Realistic Philosophy of Law(Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2015) Onal, MehmetPragmatism, which is one of the mainstreams of the philosophy of law, became popular in the UK especially after the 18th century on the basis of utilitarianism, and in the USA and Scandinavian countries after the 19th century on the basis of realism. Books on philosophy of law and legal theory discuss these philosophies under the headings of pragmatist and realist philosophies of law, and present it basically as a continuation of the British and American philosophy. However, the roots of these legal movements, which are epistemologically experimental and sensational, ontologically realistic, and ethically utilitarian and relativist should be sought in the whole history of philosophy especially in Ancient Greek Philosophy. Thus, to show this historical background, in the article, we try to return to the history of utilitarianism, pragmatism, realism and relativism in philosophical thought. In the last part of the article, with the help of examples taken from some assessments of contemporary pragmatist and realist philosophers of law, how pragmatism respond to today's complex and interactive social reality is discussed.Öğe Sedimentology and geochemistry of the middle Miocene playa lake evaporites in the Gurun Basin (S of Sivas), Central Anatolia, Turkey(Springer, 2008) Onal, Mehmet; Helvaci, Cahit; Tekin, Erdogan; Ayyildiz, TurhanThe Gurun basin is a half graben filled by alluvial, fluvial and playa-lake deposits of the Gurun Formation accumulated under the N-S direction extensional tectonic regime and volcanic rocks. The Gurun Formation is divided into four members such as the Kavak, Gokpinar, Cayboyu and Terzioglu members, and the Cayboyu Member has two different evaporitic occurrences such as selenitic and satin spar. During the first phase of evaporite deposition, selenitic gypsum crystals in 5 to 15 cm thick layer within the dolomitic mudstones were formed. The second evaporitic phase consists of four different levels of cavity filling within the sandstones and shale alternation at the upper part of sequence originated as 5 to 10 cm sized satin-spar gypsum crystals with white colored, partly orientated, fibrous-radial shaped. XRF major, minor and some rare elements analyses (La, Ce, Ta, W and U) and low Sr-87/Sr-86 (parts per thousand) and delta S-34 (CDT) values indicate that meteoric and volcanic solution occasionally mixed with the lake water. In addition, low delta O-18 (SMOW) values in the continental evaporate could be interpreted as mixing of fresh water with the playa lake environment. Selenitic gypsum in the Cayboyu Member of the Gurun Formation was precipitated from ground water-brine water rich in humic acid during periodic desiccations of in the shore-lake plain.Öğe Systematic Paleontology, Biostratigraphy, Paleobiogeography of Loftusia (Foraminifera) and Rudist Assemblages in a Regressive Sequence in the Hekimhan-Malatya Area (Eastern Anatolia) Turkey(Springer India, 2009) Caglar (Kaya), Meral; Onal, MehmetThe Maastrichtian regressive sequence of the Hekimhan-Malatya area in Eastern Turkey consists of dolomitic limestones, limestones and calcareous mudstones which are dominated by rudists and Loftusia (foraminifera) assemblages. Several Loftusia species indicating middle to late Maastrichtian age such as Loftusia anatolica Meri, L. baykali Meri, L. coxi Henson, L. harrisoni Cox, L. minor Cox and L. morgani Douville have been recorded. Other benthic foraminifers present include Orbitoides medius d' Archiac, Omphalocyclus macroporus (Lamarck), Laffitteina conica Drooger, Laffitteina mengaudi (Astre) and Laffitteina oeztuerki Inan. The rudists are abundant in the dolomitic limestones in the study area. The genus Miseia Patrulius is dominant and represented by Miseia bilacunosa Ozer and Miseia hekimhanensis Karacabey-Oztemur. The Loftusia species and the Rudists assemblage indicates middle to late Maastrichtian age for the formation. The paleobiogeographic distribution of the assemblage has been discussed taking this find into account.Öğe Two Different İdeal Human Designs: Aristotle's wise or Nietzsche's Upper Human?(Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2023) Yilmaz, Ozan; Onal, MehmetBoth Aristotle and Nietzsche have pondered on how human beings should live and have determined ideal human beings by acting on different foundations in accordance with the ideal life in their thoughts. Aristotle dealt with man more with a certain understanding of nature and from this point of view, he determined the distinguishing feature of ideal man as superior thinking ability. Nietzsche, on the other hand, thought of man as a being with an inexhaustible will to power and determined the distinctive feature of his ideal man as being a strong man. This article aims to come to conclusions by analyzing the ideal human types on the basis of which the two great philosophers who lived in the eras dominated by different assumptions, and the characteristics of these ideal types from today's perspective.Öğe Usability of Malatya Pyrophyllite in the Traditional Ceramic Industry(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2016) Kizilkaya, Nilgun; Onal, Mehmet; Depci, Tolga; Yucel, AysegulIn the present study, the usability of the pyrophyllite in the traditional ceramic industry was investigated. The raw pyrophyllite was obtained in Malatya, Turkey. The characterization of the raw pyrophyllite and the prepared ceramics which were heated at the different temperatures in oven (800, 900, 1000 and 1100 degrees C) were done by XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM and the main physical properties, like total shrinkage, water absorption capacity and compression strength were determined. As a result of experimental studies; the raw pyrophyllite had to be mixed with the feldspar and another clay (Unye clay) with having high plasticity in order to shape easily and a high water resistance. The optimum receipt was found as 70 wt % pyrophyllite, 20 wt % Unye clay and 10 wt % feldspar. The main properties of the obtained ceramics were specific white baking colour and high temperature resistance properties.Öğe The Zeolite Deposit of Hekimhan in the Malatya Basin(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2016) Onal, Mehmet; Depci, Tolga; Ceylan, Cigdem; Kizilkaya, NilgunZeolite deposits in the Malatya Basin which is formed of the Yuksekova Group were investigated in the present study. The zeolites were occurred in the two layers: the lower zeolite layer and the upper zeolite layer of the Sarikiz Formation of Campanian-Maastrichtian age within the flysch like sediments at Hekimhan in the northern part of the Malatya Basin. Characterization studies of the zeolite samples were done by XRF, XRD and SEM images and the results showed that the main structures of the zeolites were clinoptilolite-(Cs), heulandite and calcite and the geological occurrences of zeolite is in marine environments.
