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Öğe Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Phase-Contrast MRI in the Differential Diagnosis of Active and Chronic Disease(Korean Radiological Soc, 2018) Oner, Serkan; Kahraman, Aysegul Sagir; Ozcan, Cemal; Ozdemir, Zeynep Maras; Unlu, Serkan; Kamisli, Ozden; Oner, ZulalObjective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by demyelinating plaques in the white matter. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a new hypothesis for the etiopathogenesis of MS disease. MS-CCSVI includes a significant decrease of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the cerebral aqueduct secondary to an impaired venous outflow from the central nervous system. This study aimed to determine whether CSF flow dynamics are affected in MS patients and the contributions to differential diagnosis in active and chronic disease using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). Materials and Methods: We studied 16 MS patients with chronic plaques (group 1), 16 MS patients with active plaques-enhanced on MRI (group 2), and 16 healthy controls (group 3). Quantitatively evaluation of the CSF flow was performed from the level of the cerebral aqueduct by PC-MRI. According to heart rates, 14-30 images were obtained in a cardiac cycle. Cardiac triggering was performed prospectively using finger plethysmography. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding average velocity, net forward volume and the average flow (p > 0.05). Compared with the controls, group 1 and group 2, showed a higher peak velocity (5.5 +/- 1.4, 4.9 +/- 1.0, and 4.3 +/- 1.3 cm/sec, respectively; p = 0.040), aqueductal area (5.0 +/- 1.3, 4.1 +/- 1.5, and 3.1 +/- 1.2 mm(2), respectively; p = 0.002), forward volume (0.039 +/- 0.016, 0.031 +/- 0.013, and 0.021 +/- 0.010 mL, respectively; p = 0.002) and reverse volume (0.027 +/- 0.016, 0.018 +/- 0.009, and 0.012 +/- 0.006 mL, respectively; p = 0.000). There were no statistical significance between the MS patients with chronic plaques and active plaques except for reverse volume. The MS patients with chronic plaques showed a significantly higher reverse volume (p = 0.000). Conclusion: This study indicated that CSF flow is affected in MS patients, contrary to the hypothesis that CCSVI-induced CSF flow decreases in MS patients. These findings may be explained by atrophy-dependent ventricular dilatation, which may occur at every stage of MS.Öğe Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis: the role of phase-contrast mrı inthe differential diagnosis of active and chronic disease(Korean radıologıcal soc, 121-8 yangjae-dong, seocho-gu, seoul 137-130, south korea, 2018) Oner, Serkan; Kahraman, Ayşegül Sağır; Özcan, Cemal; Özdemir, Zeynep Maraş; Ünlü, Serkan; Kamisli, Özden; Oner, ZulalObjective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by demyelinating plaques in the white matter. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a new hypothesis for the etiopathogenesis of MS disease. MS-CCSVI includes a significant decrease of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the cerebral aqueduct secondary to an impaired venous outflow from the central nervous system. This study aimed to determine whether CSF flow dynamics are affected in MS patients and the contributions to differential diagnosis in active and chronic disease using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). Materials and Methods: We studied 16 MS patients with chronic plaques (group 1), 16 MS patients with active plaques-enhanced on MRI (group 2), and 16 healthy controls (group 3). Quantitatively evaluation of the CSF flow was performed from the level of the cerebral aqueduct by PC-MRI. According to heart rates, 14-30 images were obtained in a cardiac cycle. Cardiac triggering was performed prospectively using finger plethysmography. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding average velocity, net forward volume and the average flow (p > 0.05). Compared with the controls, group 1 and group 2, showed a higher peak velocity (5.5 +/- 1.4, 4.9 +/- 1.0, and 4.3 +/- 1.3 cm/sec, respectively; p = 0.040), aqueductal area (5.0 +/- 1.3, 4.1 +/- 1.5, and 3.1 +/- 1.2 mm(2), respectively; p = 0.002), forward volume (0.039 +/- 0.016, 0.031 +/- 0.013, and 0.021 +/- 0.010 mL, respectively; p = 0.002) and reverse volume (0.027 +/- 0.016, 0.018 +/- 0.009, and 0.012 +/- 0.006 mL, respectively; p = 0.000). There were no statistical significance between the MS patients with chronic plaques and active plaques except for reverse volume. The MS patients with chronic plaques showed a significantly higher reverse volume (p = 0.000). Conclusion: This study indicated that CSF flow is affected in MS patients, contrary to the hypothesis that CCSVI-induced CSF flow decreases in MS patients. These findings may be explained by atrophy-dependent ventricular dilatation, which may occur at every stage of MS.Öğe The correlation between deformity and metatarsus projection area and the ratios of projection to all metatarsi in direct radiographs in hallux valgus cases(2020) Yedigul, Meral; Oner, Serkan; Oner, ZulalAim: Hallux valgus (HV) is a common deformity where the hallux deviates laterally in the metatarsophalangeal joint. Although various radiographic measurements have been developed to assess HV, not all are considered universally necessary and the correlations between these methods were not determined. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the metatarsus (MT) projection area and the projection rates to all MTs and deformity observed in direct radiographs in HV cases.Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed foot radiographs of 100 female cases (20-60 years old). The cases were divided into two groups of 50 HV and 50 non-HV based on HV angles (HVA). HVA>15˚ was accepted as HV. The MT projection areas and the projection rates to all MTs, HVA, and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) were measured in HV cases. Paired t-tests were used to compare continuous numeric variables (Significance: p ≤ 0.05).Results: HVA was higher in HV cases (mean, 22.2˚) when compared to the non-HV group (mean, 7.4˚) (p = 0.000). There was no difference between the mean MT projection areas in HV and non-HV groups. While there was no significant difference between the ratios of the projection area in MT I, II, III and IV to total MT area in HV and non-HV groups, the ratio of the projection area of MT V to the total MT area was lower in HV cases when compared to that of the non-HV group (p = 0.027).Conclusion: Although it was observed that HV did not affect the projection area of each MT, when the total MT area was considered, it was observed that the projection area of MT V was lower. This finding supported that HV is a condition that affects the whole foot.Öğe Effect of crocin on oxidative stress in recovery from single bout of swimming exercise in rats(General Physiol And Biophysics, 2016) Altinoz, Eyup; Ozmen, Tarik; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Erdemli, Mehmet E.; Bag, Harika G.Physical exercise could cause muscle and tissue damage due to increase in the formation of free oxygen radicals during exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of crocin on parameters associated with oxidative stress in recovery from acute swimming exercise in rats. Rats were divided into eight groups; Normal Control (NC, untreated and did not swim), Crocin Control (CC, received crocin and did not swim), Exe-1, Exe-24, Exe-48 (untreated and swam) and and Exe-Cro-1, Exe-Cro-24, Exe-Cro-48 (received crocin and swam). AST, ALP, LDH, CK, XO enzymes levels increased after swimming in untreated and crocin-treated groups, but there was a less increase in crocin-treated groups. The highest MDA levels in serum were determined in Exe-1 compared with all other groups. There was significant difference between control and exercise groups in MDA level (p = 0.033). In contrast, there was significant difference between control and exercise groups in GSH level (p < 0.001). In addition, crocin given to swimming rats significantly increased GSH levels (p < 0.05) and decreased MDA levels when compared with untreated exercise groups. In conclusion, crocin is able to protect liver and skeletal muscle tissue against exercise-induced oxidative damage by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.Öğe THE EFFECT OF SAFFRON (ITS ACTIVE CONSTITUENT, CROCIN) ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2015) Altinoz, Eyup; Taskin, Emre; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Arslan, Belkis AtaseverBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes serious complications such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups, each containing 10 rats: control group, DM group; DM+crocin group. Normal saline was administered in the control and DM groups, and crocin was administered in DM+crocin group at a dose of 20 mg/kg bw/day for 21 days. Trunk blood and the hearth tissue were collected for histopathological and biochemical examination. Results: DM led to increment of MDA levels (p<0.05) and the serum levels of total cholesterol, TG, LDL and VLDL (p<0.05) and decrease of GSH levels (p<0.01) compared to control group in serum and heart tissue. Diabetic rats were treated with crocin, MDA levels (p<0.05) and the levels of total cholesterol, TG and VLDL decreased significantly, but GSH levels (p<0.05) increased remarkably compared to DM rats. Statistically significant increase in histopathological damage score was found in the DM group (p<0.0001). Histopathological changes markedly regressed in DM+crocin group. Conclusion: Our results showed that crocin might prevent diabetes induced cardiovascular complications by reduction of oxidative stress and dyslipidemia.Öğe Linalool exhibits therapeutic and protective effects in a rat model of doxorubicin-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Altinoz, Eyup; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Uremis, Nuray; Uremis, MuhammedThe aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of linalool against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced kidney injury. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups as follows; Control, DOX [20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip) single dose DOX], linalool (LIN50 and LIN100; 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip for 5 days, respectively), DOX + LIN50 and DOX + LIN100 (20 mg/kg single dose of DOX via ip on first day and 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip, respectively), LIN50 + DOX and LIN100 + DOX (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip for 5 days, respectively and 20 mg/kg single dose of DOX via ip on fifth day). Doxorubicin led to a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels decreased remarkably when compared with control. On the other hand, LIN supplementation before and after DOX treatment led to a significant decrease in MDA and also increases in SOD, CAT and GSH levels. DOX caused significant increases in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels in the plasma, while LIN supplementation as a therapeutic and preventive agent led to significant decreases in BUN and Cr levels. The current study demonstrated that LIN supplementation after or before DOX treatment can led to therapeutic and preventive effects against DOX-induced renal damage.Öğe NEURO-PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CROCIN ON BRAIN AND CEREBELLUM TISSUES IN DIABETIC RATS(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2014) Altinoz, Eyup; Oner, Zulal; Elbe, Hulya; Vardi, NigarBackground: Increase in free oxygen radicals and the disruption of defense system make the neurons and astrocytes more sensitive against oxidative damage. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into three groups containing 10, rats in each group namely: control (C) group, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) group, and Diabetes Mellitus + crocin (DM + crocin) group. Tissue samples were processed by routine histological and biochemical procedures. The sections were stained with Hematoxylen-eosin. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), blood glucose, HbA1c levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were assayed. Results: The histological appearence of the cerebrum and cerebellum were normal in the control group. DM group showed some histopathological changes including congestion, perivascular and perineuronal edema in cerebrum. In DM + crocin group, histopathological changes in cerebrum and cerebellum markedly reduced. MDA level and XO activities increased significantly in DM group (P<0.01), but decreased significantly in DM + crocin group when compared to DM group (P<0.01). Blood glucose concentrations increased significantly (p<0.01) in DM group), but decreased significantly in DM + crocin group when compared with DM group (p<0.05). Blood HbA1c levels were normal in control group. But there were significant differences between control and DM groups (p<0.01). On the other hand, blood HbA1c levels decreased in DM + crocin group when compared with the DM group, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Due to the fact that crocin has an antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects, it can protect the brain and cerebellum tissue against the complications of oxidative stress.Öğe Quantitative Evaluation of Normal Aqueductal Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Using Phase-Contrast Cine MRI According to Age and Sex(Wiley, 2017) Oner, Zulal; Kahraman, Aysegul Sagir; Kose, Evren; Oner, Serkan; Kavakli, Ahmet; Cay, Mahmut; Ozbag, DavutThe aim of this study was cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow quantification in the cerebral aqueduct using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PCC-MRI) according to both sexes and three different age groups to obtain normative data. Seventy two volunteers with no cerebral pathology were included in this study. Subjects were divided into three age groups: 20-34 years, 35-49 years, and 50-65 years including equal gender groups. CSF flow's quantitatively evaluation was performed with images that were obtained by 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance (MR) unit from cerebral aqueduct level on the semi-axial plan. Between groups, peak velocity (cm sec21), average velocity (cm/s), forward volume (mL), reverse volume (mL), net forward volume (mL), and average flow over range (ml/ min)values of current flowing through aqueduct and average aqueductal areas were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in CSF flow parameters among different age groups and between sexes (P> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in average cerebral aqueduct area between the age group of 50-65 years and the other age groups (P50.002). The average aqueductal area was higher in the age group of 50-65 years. Normal aqueductal CSF flow parameters evaluated with PCC-MRI don't show a significant difference by age and sex. We have achieved the lower and upper values of these parameters would be useful in future clinical studies. The size of aqueductal area may also be explained by atrophy-dependent ventricular system dilatation in the elderly. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe The right vertebral artery originating from the right occipital artery and the absence of the transverse foramen: a rare anatomical variation(Springer France, 2017) Oner, Zulal; Oner, Serkan; Kahraman, Aysegul SagirVariations in the origin of the vertebral artery (VA) is a congenital anomaly that occurs during embryological development. Multiple variations related to VA origin have been reported in the literature. Abnormal VA origin is usually determined as incidental findings during angiographic or postmortem anatomical studies. Although most of the cases are asymptomatic, in patients with VA anomaly symptoms such as dizziness have been described. The anomalous variation in the origin of the right VA is rare and separated into three categories: (1) originating from the aorta, (2) originating from the carotid arteries, (3) duplicated origin. In this case, we aimed to present the right VA originating from the right occipital artery and concomitant anomalies of the transverse foramen that have not been reported previously according to our knowledge in literature. In a 32-year-old female patient referred to our hospital because of dizziness, the right VA was not observed on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography (CTA) examination was performed. CTA showed hypoplasia of the right transverse foramen at the levels of the C1, C5 and C6 vertebrae and aplasia of the right transverse foramen at the levels of the C2, C3 and C4 vertebrae. The right VA originating from the right occipital artery continues to its normal course by entering the cranium through the foramen magnum at the level of the atlantooccipital junction.Öğe Sex and age estimation with machine learning algorithms with parameters obtained from cone beam computed tomography images of maxillary first molar and canine teeth(Int Assoc Law & Forensic Sciences, 2023) Senol, Deniz; Secgin, Yusuf; Duman, Burak Suayip; Toy, Seyma; Oner, ZulalBackgroundThe aim of this study is to obtain a highly accurate and objective sex and age estimation by using the parameters of maxillary molar and canine teeth obtained from cone beam computed tomography images in the input of machine learning algorithms. Cone beam computed tomography images of 240 people aged between 25 and 54 were randomly selected from the archive systems of the hospital and transferred to Horos Medikal. 3D curved multiplanar reconstruction was applied to these images and a 3D image was obtained. The resulting image was brought to the orthogonal plane and the measurements were made by superimposing them.ResultsThe results were grouped in four different age groups (25-30, 31-36, 37-49, 50-54) and recorded. As a result of our study, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.81 in sex estimation with ADA Boost Classifier algorithm, while in age estimation, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.84 between 25-30 and 31-36 age groups with random forest algorithm, as 0.74 between 25-30 and 37-49 age groups with random forest and ADA Boost Classifier algorithms and as 0.85 between 25-30 and 50-54 age groups with random forest algorithm.ConclusionsOur study differs from other studies in two aspects; the first is the selection of a sensitive method such as cone beam computed tomography, and the second is the selection of machine learning algorithms. As a result of our study, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.81 in sex estimation and as 0.85 in age estimation with parameters of maxillary canine and molar teeth.Öğe Usage length of sternum components and sternal angle through images obtained by computerized tomography image reconstruction in gender determination(2019) Oner, Zulal; Oner, Serkan; Kurtul, Ibrahim; Sahin, BunyaminAim: This study investigates the total sternum length and the lengths of each part of the sternum using computed tomography (CT) images oriented orthogonally to reveal whether there are any significant gender differences with respect to these values. Material and Methods: Thin-section thorax CT images from 60 subjects (30F, 30M) between 20 and 40 years of age were used, oriented to the orthogonal plane using an image-processing program.The sternal angle (SA), manubrium length (ML), corpus length (CL), xiphoid processlength (XPL), total sternum length (TSL), manubrium-corpus length proportion (sternal index; SI), and the proportion of the three parts separate from the TSL were compared by gender. Results: The values of the ML (M: 5.36 cm, F: 4.76 cm), CL (M: 10.11 cm, F: 8.75 cm), and TSL (M: 19.18 cm, F: 16.28 cm) were longer in males (p≤0.05) than in females. No statistically significant difference was determined in the ratios of the XPL, SI, and sternum parts to the TSL (p>0.05). The mean values of the SA in males and females were 161.4° and 160.51°, respectively (p>0.05). In an ROC analysis, the most significant measurement for gender determination was found to be the CL, and the linear discriminant analysis yielded a correct determination rate of 86% for males and 93% for females. Conclusions: Although metric measurements of the sternum could provide high accuracy rates in gender determination, to increase reliability, image analyses should be conducted in the orthogonal plane to remove errors that could be caused by the differences in orientation.
