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    The effect of Cirsium arvense extract on antioxidant status in quail
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Orhan, C.; Sahin, N.; Akdemir, F.; Markiewicz-Zukowska, R.; Borawska, M. H.; Isidorov, V. A.; Hayirli, A.
    1. The herb Creeping Thistle, Cirsium arvense (C. arvense), has been used in folk medicine due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.2. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary C. arvense extract supplementation on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and antioxidant status in quail.3. Quails (n=150) were allocated randomly to one of the three dietary treatments: basal diet and basal diet enriched with 100 and 200mgC. arvense extract per kg diet.4. Dietary enrichment with C. arvense extract altered neither performance and egg quality parameters nor nutrient digestibility. Although there were no changes in concentrations of vitamin A and E in serum, liver and egg yolk, supplemental C. arvense extract decreased MDA concentrations in serum, liver and egg yolk by 39.3, 40.5 and 51.5%, respectively, in a dose-response manner. As supplemental C. arvense extract increased to 200mg/kg, the activity of hepatic SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increased by 14.5, 17.4 and 35.5%, respectively.5. Addition of C. arvense extract up to 200mg to per kg diet enhanced antioxidant status in laying quail and their eggs, without affecting performance and other egg quality parameters.6. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism behind the antioxidant effects of C. arvense extract.
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    Effects of dietary arginine silicate inositol complex on mineral status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Wiley, 2008) Kucukbay, F. Z.; Yazlak, H.; Sahin, N.; Akdemir, F.; Orhan, C.; Juturu, V.; Sahin, K.
    Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; arginine 49.47 g kg(-1), silicon 8.2 g kg(-1), inositol 25 g kg(-1)), a novel composition that is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine, has potential benefits for vascular and bone health. We have previously reported that bone mineral content increased and the amount of Ca, P, Mg and Mn in the excreta decreased in poultry with ASI supplementation. In the present study, the effect of ASI supplementation at various levels (0, 500, 1000 mg kg(-1) ASI) on growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and concentrations of body elements, operculum bone ash and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rainbow trout was evaluated. Ninety 0+ year-old rainbow trout with initial average weight of 50 +/- 3 g were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, three replicates of 10 fish each. The fish were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1000 mg of ASI. Body weight gain (P = 0.25), feed intake (P = 0.36) and feed efficiency (P = 0.42) were not signifcantly influenced by the dietary ASI supplementation. Per cent operculum bone ash (634 g kg(-1) versus 558 g kg(-1), P = 0.001) and ALP activity (112 UL-1 versus 92 UL-1, P = 0.001) linearly increased as dietary ASI supplementation increased. Increasing dietary ASI supplementation linearly increased serum and whole body Ca (P = 0.01), P (P = 0.01), Mg (P = 0.05; P = 0.001) Mn (P = 0.05; P = 0.01) and Zn (P = 0.01; P = 0.02) concentrations respectively. In conclusion, ASI supplementation to the basal diet significantly improved operculum bone ash and whole body mineral content in rainbow trout and did not impact feed consumption, weight gain or FCR.
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    Effects of the supplemental chromium form on performance and oxidative stress in broilers exposed to heat stress
    (Elsevier, 2017) Sahin, N.; Hayirli, A.; Orhan, C.; Tuzcu, M.; Akdemir, F.; Komorowski, J. R.; Sahin, K.
    This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of the organic complex form of supplemental chromium (Cr) on performance, oxidative stress markers, and serum profile in broilers exposed to heat stress (HS). A total of 1,200 10-day-old boilers (Ross-308) was divided into one of the 6 treatments (2 environmental temperatures x 3 diets with different Cr forms). The birds were kept in temperature-controlled rooms at either 22 +/- 2A degrees C 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN group) or 34 +/- 2A degrees C for 8 h/d, 08:00 to 17:00 h, followed by 22A degrees C for 16 h (HS group) and fed either a basal diet (C) or the basal diet supplemented with Cr (200 mu g/kg) through 1.600 mg of CrPic (12.43% Cr) and 0.788 mg of CrHis (25.22% Cr). Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly. After cervical dislocation, liver samples were harvested to analyze Cr concentration and glucose transporter-2,4 (GLUT-2,4) expression. The breast meat also was sampled for the concentration of Cr and expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. Heat stress caused depressions in feed intake (12.1%) and weight gain (21.1%) as well as elevations in feed conversion (11.2%) and abdominal fat (32.8%). It was also associated with depletion of Cr reserves and increases in serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, creatine, and enzymes. Exposure to HS was accompanied by suppression of the expressions of Nrf2 and GLUT-2 in muscle and GLUT-4 in the liver and amplification of the expression of NF-kappa B in muscle. Both Cr sources partially alleviated detrimental effects of HS on performance and metabolic profile. The efficacy of Cr as CrHis was more notable than Cr as CrPic, which could be attributed to higher bioavailability. In conclusion, CrHis can be added into the diet of broilers during hot seasons to overcome deteriorations in performance and wellbeing related to oxidative stress.