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Öğe Bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion;: Focusing on the high positivity of Alloiococcus otitidis(Luigi Ponzio E Figlio, 2002) Kalcioglu, MT; Oncel, S; Durmaz, R; Otlu, B; Miman, MC; Ozturan, OThe etiology of otitis media with effusion (OME) is unclear. The bacterial analyses of middle ear effusion (MEE) in OME may reveal important information regarding its etiology. Alloiococcus otitidis, Heamophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis were investigated by using microbiologic culture and a multiplex PCR method in the middle ear fluid of 32 children (54 samples) with chronic OME. PCR yielded positive results in 18 (33.3%) middle ear effusions while culture resulted positive for 3 (5.6%). The PCR method detected A. otitidis in 10 (18.5%) specimens, H. influenzae in 7 (13%), M. catarrhalis in 4 (7.4%) and S. pneumoniae in 2 (3.7%) specimens. The multiplex PCR method enhances the detection rate significantly compared to that of the conventional culture method. A. otitidis is the most common detected pathogen in the MEE of the OME.Öğe Detection of Alloiococcus otitidis in the nasopharynx and in the outer ear canal(Luigi Ponzio E Figlio, 2002) Durmaz, R; Ozerol, IH; Kalcioglu, MT; Oncel, S; Otlu, B; Direkel, S; Hendolin, PHAlloiococcus otitidis has been recovered from the middle car of children with otitis media with effusion, but its natural habitat is not known. To determine whether the nasopharynx and the outer ear canals are the natural habitats of A. otitidis, 145 swabs (50, nasopharynx; 95 outer ear canal) collected from 50 children were screened by polymerase chain reaction. A. otitidis DNA was detected in seven (4.8%) of the 145 specimens, of which four were nasopharynx, and three outer ear canal. These results indicate that the nasopharynx and outer car canal may be the body sites for localization of A. otitidis.Öğe Effect of multiple freezing and thawing of serum on TT virus and hepatitis B virus DNA positivity(Springer-Verlag Wien, 2002) Durmaz, R; Otlu, B; Direkel, SThis study was done to determine the effect of freezing and thawing of serum on the stability of TTV and HBV DNA levels. Seven TTV DNA positive samples were randomly selected among the sera having HBV DNA with concentrations ranging from 12 pg/ml to 4162 pg/ml and they were frozen and thawed up to eight times and then analyzed for changes on TTV- and HBV DNA levels. TTV DNA positivity and HBV DNA concentrations were tested by using semi-nested PCR and Digene hybrid capture system, respectively. Seven cycles of freezing and thawing did not significantly change HBV DNA concentrations and TTV DNA positivity in any of the samples tested. After eight cycles, only three samples were tested, and all were positive for HBV DNA, but negative for TTV DNA. Our results show that both TTV- and HBV DNA positives continued until the seventh cycle of freezing and thawing in all samples tested.Öğe Effects of valproate and carbamazepine on serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid(Elsevier Science Bv, 2003) Karabiber, H; Sommezgoz, E; Ozerol, E; Yakinci, C; Otlu, B; Yologlu, SHomocysteine (HMC) is a sulfur containing amino acid, which plays a role in methionine metabolism. Folic acid (FA) and vitamin B12 (B12) are essential for remethylization of HMC to methionine. HMC level increases in the deficiency of these vitamins. Hyperhomocysteinemia causes vascular endothelial damage, which causes atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of valproate (VA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) on the serum levels of HMC, B12, and FA. Thirty-six children receiving CBZ and 30 children receiving VA for epilepsy for the last 1-year period and 29 healthy children as control were the population of this study. After 6 h of fasting serum HMC, B12, and FA levels were measured and results were compared statistically. Mean values of HMC, FA, and B12 levels in control group were 9.2 +/- 2.7 mumol/l, 9.0 +/- 2.0 ng/ml, and 342 +/- 162 pg/ml, in VA group 14.0 +/- 6.8 mumol/l, 7.3 +/- 2.9 ng/ml, and 368 +/- 159 pg/ml, in CBZ group 16.0 +/- 13.1 mumol/l, 7.5 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, and 285 +/- 158 pg/ml, respectively. Serum HMC levels were higher in VA and CBZ groups than control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Serum FA levels were lower in VA and CBZ groups compared to control group (P < 0.05). Serum levels of B12 were not different between VA and control groups (P > 0.05). In CBZ group serum B 12 levels were lower than control group (P < 0.05). FA may be added to the treatment protocol (if the patients take only CBZ, then B 12 should also be added) for patients taking these antiepileptic drugs to decrease the degenerative effect of VA and CBZ on vascular endothelium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation are increased and associated with decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with age-related macular degeneration(Springer, 2003) Evereklioglu, C; Er, H; Doganay, S; Cekmen, M; Turkoz, Y; Otlu, B; Ozerol, EBackground: Nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl radical (OH.), superoxide anion (02) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are free-radicals released in oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) are antioxidant enzymes, mediating defense against oxidative stress. Excess NO and/or defective antioxidants cause lipid peroxidation, cellular dysfunction and death. Age-related maculopathy (ARM) or degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. The etiology is unclear and the molecular factors contributing this disease remain to be specified. Aims: This multicenter, double-blind, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate plasma NO and lipid peroxidation levels with relation to antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocyte and plasma of patients with ARMD compared with healthy control subjects. Methods: NO, lipid peroxidation (measured as plasma malondialdehyde [MDA] levels) and the catalytic activity of SOD, GSHPx and CAT were measured in a group of 41 patients with maculopathy (19 men, 22 women; 67.12 +/- 3.70 years) and compared with 25 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects without maculopathy (12 men, 13 women; 68.04 +/- 3.02 years). NO and MDA levels were measured in plasma, CAT in red blood cells (RBCs), and SOD and GSHPx in both plasma and RBCs. Color fundus photographs were used to assess the presence of maculopathy, and the patients were divided into two groups using clinical examination and grading of photographs; early-ARM (n = 22) and late-ARMD (n = 19). Results: All patients with maculopathy had significantly (p < 0.001) higher plasma NO levels over control subjects (mean +/- SD, 48.58 +/- 8.81 vs. 28.22 +/- 3.39 mu mol/l). Plasma MDA levels in patients and control subjects were 4.99 +/- 1.00 and 2.16 +/- 0.24 mu mol/l, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). On the other hand, SOD and GSHPx activities were significantly lower in both RBCs and plasma of patients with maculopathy than in control subjects (RBCs-SOD, 3509.30 +/- 478.22 vs. 5033.30 +/- 363.98 U/g Hb. p < 0.001; plasma-SOD, 560.95 +/- 52.52 vs. 704.76 +/- 24.59 U/g protein, p < 0.001; RBCs-GSHPx, 663.43 +/- 41.74 vs. 748.80 +/- 25.50 U/g Hb, p < 0.001; plasma-GSHPx, 98.26 +/- 15.67 vs. 131.80 +/- 8.73 U/g protein, p < 0.001). RBCs-CAT levels were not different between groups (131.68 +/- 12.89 vs. 133.00 +/- 13.29 k/g Hb, p = 0.811). Late-ARMD patients had significantly lower antioxidant enzyme levels and higher MDA levels when compared with early-ARM patients (for each, p < 0.001). In addition, plasma NO and MDA levels were negatively correlated with SOD and GSHPx activities. Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time that NO, the most abundant free-radical in the body, might be implicated in the pathophysiology of ARMD in association with decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation status.Öğe Nosocomial infections in a new medical center, Turkey(Slack Inc, 2000) Durmaz, B; Durmaz, R; Otlu, B; Sönmez, ENosocomial infection was found in 255 (2.5%) of 10,164 inpatients in a new medical center with a 310-bed capacity. The infection rate was 12.5% in the intensive care unit, 9.5% in neurology, 5.5% in general surgery, and 4.0% in orthopedics. Rates in the other services were lower. Hospital-acquired infections in our medical center frequently involved multiply resistant Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:534-536).Öğe The prevalence and molecular typing of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic stools in Malatya, Turkey(Edizioni Int Srl, 2005) Ozerol, IH; Bayraktar, MR; Iseri, L; Otlu, B; Durmaz, RThis study was performed from June 2002 to November 2003 year in Malatya, eastern Turkey. Stools of 172 diarrheic patients and 90 healthy controls were analysed for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins were investigated by passive latex agglutination and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. Nine ETEC strains were isolated from 172 diarrheic stools (5.2%). Seven of the ETEC strains (10.1%) were isolated from 69 children in the 0-5 year age group. Two of these pediatric isolates were ST positive (2.9%) and five were LT positive (7.2%). ETEC was not isolated in the 6-18 year age group. Two ST producing E. coli strains were detected in diarrheic adult patients (> 18 years). In the 90 controls, two ETEC strains were detected (2.2%). One of them was a IT producer (1.1%) and the other was a ST producer (1.1%). E. coli strains producing both toxins simultaneously were not observed. ETEC positivity was higher in the diarrheic group than in the control group but statistically not significant (p > 0.05). The rate of resistance among ETEC strains to cefuroxime axetil, ampicillin, piperacillin, and trimethoprim-sulfametboxazole was 72.7%, 54.5%, 45.5%, and 36.4%, respectively whereas the resistance rate to the same antibiotics in non-ETEC strains was 14%, 62%, 54%, and 66%, respectively. All ETEC isolates were intermediatelv resistant to cephalothin and fully susceptible to other antibiotics tested. Typing of the ETEC strains was done by arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Only two LT strains of the 11 typed strains had a unique profile. The remaining nine were mixed LT and ST strains and divided into two groups. The first group had three strains having a similarity coefficient ranging from 70-90%. The other one had six strains, five of them were similar and one was subtype isolate. It can be concluded that ETEC strains might be consider, ably important enteropathogens especially in pediatric patients in the 0-5 year age group. High clonal relation indicated that ETEC strains were epidemiologically related.Öğe Serum leptin concentration is increased in patients with Behcet's syndrome and is correlated with disease activity(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2002) Evereklioglu, C; Inalöz, HS; Kirtak, N; Doganay, S; Bülbül, M; Otlu, B; Özerol, EBackground Behcet's syndrome is a systemic, relapsing immuno-inflammatory disease with a generalized vasculitis of the microvasculature endothelial dysfunction. Leptin, a recently discovered neuroendocrine hormone, is a metabolic peptide that appears to be involved. Serum proinflammatory cytokines upregulate leptin levels and leptin itself directly induces nitric oxide production from endothelial cells with its specific receptors. Objectives To detect changes of serum leptin concentrations in patients with Behcet's syndrome compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also investigated whether disease activity or the duration of Behcet's syndrome correlates with leptin concentration. Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients with Behcet's syndrome (41.2 +/- 8.4 years, 16 male, 19 female) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (40.4 +/- 10.91 years, nine male, 11 female) were included in this study. The body mass index (BMI) [weight (kg) height(-1) (m(2) )] was calculated for subjects at study enrolment. We measured serum leptin with a leptin enzyme immunoassay kit, and acute-phase reactants, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, alpha(1) -antitrypsin, alpha(2) -macroglobulin and neutrophil count. The Mann-Whitney U -test was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Values were expressed as mean +/- SD. Results The gender ratio, age and BMI were not substantially different among Behcet's patients and controls. The mean serum leptin concentrations in patients with Behcet's syndrome (16.8 +/- 7.49 ng mL(-1) ) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in healthy control volunteers (7.5 +/- 2.77 ng mL(-1) ). Active Behcet's patients had significantly (P = 0.001) higher leptin concentrations (20.5 +/- 7.99 ng mL(-1) ) when compared with patients in inactive periods (12.8 +/- 4.43 ng mL(-1) ). In addition, patients with longer disease duration (mean, 20.1 +/- 5.15 years) had also significantly (P = 0.013) higher leptin concentrations (20.2 +/- 8.52 ng mL(-1) ) than those with shorter disease duration (13.4 +/- 4.52 ng mL(-1) ) (mean, 7.4 +/- 3.29 years). All acute-phase reaction parameters were found to be significantly (for each, P < 0.01) increased in active disease. Conclusions Leptinmay have a role in modulating endothelial function and may be involved in mechanisms for vessel endothelium repair, during an exacerbation as well as in chronic disease.Öğe Serum leptin concentrations are decreased and correlated with disease severity in age-related macular degeneration(Nature Publishing Group, 2003) Evereklioglu, C; Doganay, S; Er, H; Çekmen, M; Özerol, E; Otlu, BBackground Age-related maculopathy (ARM) or degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Despite several studies on the morphology of ARMD, the aetiology is unknown and factor(s) contributing to the pathogenesis remain to be characterised. More recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol esters and lipids are present within Bruch's membrane deposits and drusen, and dietary fat intake is associated with ARMD. The product of Ob gene, leptin, is a recently discovered peptide participating in human metabolism. There is a direct relationship between serum leptin and diet, and lipoprotein metabolism, but the role of leptin in the course of ARMD has not previously been investigated. Purpose This cross-sectional case-control study investigated whether serum leptin level was associated with ARMD as a new possible risk factor and to assess its relationship with disease severity. Methods A total of 32 patients with ARM or ARMD (17 men, 15 women) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects without ARMD (11 men, nine women) from a similar ethnic background were enrolled in this multicentre study. Body mass index (BMI) (weight (kg)/height (m(2))) was calculated for each group. The presence of maculopathy was assessed on the basis of colour fundus photographs using an international classification system. Patients were classified as early-ARM (n = 16) or late-ARMD (n = 16) using clinical examination and grading of photographs. Serum leptin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The Mann-Whitney U test or chi(2) test was used for statistics as indicated, and P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results The age, sex ratio, and BMI between groups were comparable. Patients with maculopathy had significantly (P<0.001) lower leptin levels (mean +/- SD, 6.01 +/- 2.55 ng/ ml) than control subjects (13.21+/- 2.27 ng/ml). In addition, late-ARMD patients had significantly lower leptin levels (3.81 +/- 0.58 ng/ ml) than early-ARM patients (8.21 +/- 1.68 ng/ml, P<0.001) or control subjects (P<0.001). Conclusion Leptin seems to be a possible newly associated factor in the course of ARM and may be involved in the lipid composition of the macular lesions, especially in late-ARMD.
