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    Circadian rhythm in mammals: time to eat & time to sleep
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Guldur, Tayfun; Otlu, Husniye Gul
    Circadian rhythm is defined as rhythmic fluctuations in physiological processes which enable living organisms to make necessary arrangements for upcoming changes in the environment thereby optimizing their metabolism. Mammalian circadian clock consists of feedback(negative) and feedforward (positive) loops consisting of transcription, translation and posttranslational events. It is believed that there are two kinds of clock functioning in the body. The master clock residing in hypothalamus oscillating in conjunction with light/dark cycle whereas peripheral clocks occur in peripheral tissues and influenced by other environmental factors such as feeding. The rhythmic alterations in activities of metabolic pathways are provided by the coordinated expressions of clock genes and consequently by clock-controlled genes. The current studies indicate that consumption of food at inappropriate times as well as sleep restrictions lead to metabolic dysfunctions due to disruption of circadian rhythm which result in diabetes, obesity and heart diseases. To this end, it is aimed, in this review, to examine interactions among food or sleep, metabolism and circadian rhythm with an insight into metabolomic profiling studies of circadian disturbances by sleep restrictions following an overview of working mechanisms of circadian rhythms in mammals.
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    Obesity as a modifying factor of periodontal therapy outcomes: local and systemic adipocytokines and oxidative stress markers
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Toy, Vesile Elif; Ataoglu, Tamer; Eltas, Abubekir; Otlu, Husniye Gul; Karabulut, Aysun Bay
    Objectives Adipocytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are involved in the pathogenesis of both obesity and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal therapy outcomes in terms of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of adipocytokines and OS markers in obese patients with periodontitis, in order to have an insight into the association between obesity and periodontitis.Materials and methods A total of 39 patients (20 obese, 19 non-obese) with periodontitis were included in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters were assessed; serum and GCF levels of adipocytokines and OS markers were evaluated by ELISA at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy.Results Significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters were observed in both groups at 3 months (p < 0.01). While serum levels of TNF-alpha, leptin, and total oxidant status (TOS) in the obese group were higher at baseline (p < 0.01), leptin levels remained higher at 3 months despite a significant decrease (p < 0.01). Although NSPT improved GCF levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and TOS in both groups, they were significantly different between the groups after therapy (p < 0.05).Conclusions It seems that leptin, TNF-alpha, and TOS contribute to systemic inflammatory and oxidative state in patients with obesity. Despite improvements in clinical periodontal parameters, obesity might be a modulating factor in the development and progression of periodontal disease in terms of some adipocytokines and OS markers.