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    Evaluation of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and inflammatory parameters in smokers and non-smokers
    (2022) Soylu, Yasin; Çoşkun, Reşit; Ozcicek, Adalet; Ozcicek, Fatih; Mertoğlu, Cuma; Arslan, Yusuf Kemal
    Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) surrounds the heart surface and creates local and systemic effects secreting the hormones, cytokines, inflammatory mediators. Previous studies demonstrated that both smoking and EAT have a strong association with inflammation and atherosclerosis.Our study aimed to determine the relationship of smoking with EAT thickness and inflammation by evaluating smokers and non-smokers. A total of 259 healthy male and female participants between the ages of 18-65, without a history of chronic disease and with a body mass index within normal limits, were included in a study. EAT thickness measurements were made by transthoracic echocardiography and EAT thicknesses of smokers and non-smokers were compared. In addition, the effects of smoking and EAT thickness on different inflammatory parameters were evaluated. When the EAT thicknesses were compared between smokers and non-smokers (2.60±1.2), a statistically significant difference was found in favor of smokers (3.84±1.84) (p<0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found among age, body mass index, smoking duration in years, pack/year and EAT thickness. The difference among waist circumference, the number of cigarettes smoked daily, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, CRP, uric acid, platelet count, MPV values, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and EAT thickness were found meaningful, but the weak correlation in different ratios were determined. Smoking was found to be the most important determinant of EAT thickness. Other determinants of EAT thickness were age, body mass index, CRP and female gender. The significant statistical relationship between smoking and EAT thickness suggests that smoking increases EAT thickness and inflammatory parameters. Co-assessment of the EAT and blood inflammatory parameters in smokers may guide the initiation of medical treatment in primary prevention or other therapies.
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    Platelet Activity Increases in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
    (2022) Siranli, Gulsah; Mertoğlu, Cuma; Ersoy, Alevtina; Karakurt, Yücel; Ozcicek, Adalet; Çoban, Abdulkadir
    Objective: The role of new inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width in diabetic microvascular complications was investigated. Methods: A total of 266 (172 female, 94 male) individuals were divided into 5 groups: group 1, who have diabetes without any complications for at least 10 years; group 2, only diabetic nephropathy; group 3, only diabetic neuropathy; group 4, only diabetic retinopathy; and group 5, control group. Results: Glucose and HbA1c were higher in retinopathy, neuropa thy, and nephropathy groups than in the control group (P < .001). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in the neuropathy group was higher in the retinopathy and uncomplicated diabetic groups (mean ± SD; 2.4 ± 2.9, 1.6 ± 0.5, 1.5 ± 0.5, P = .018, P = .001, respectively), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio was higher only in the retinopa thy group (mean ± SD; 133.8 ± 59, 105.5 ± 34, P = .001). In the retinopathy group, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width were higher than the control group and the uncomplicated diabetic group (mean platelet volume mean ± SD; 10.6 ± 1.0, 10.0 ± 0.6, 9.7 ± 1.9, P = .009, P = .003, platelet distribution width mean ± SD; 13.0 ± 2.3, 11.4 ± 1.2, 11.7 ± 1.6, P < .001, P = .003, respec tively). Conclusions: Patients with diabetic neuropathy have sub clinical inflammation, and patients with retinopathy have platelet activation. However, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of this increased inflammation and platelet reactivity in the development of these complications.
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    The role of protein oxidation in the development of diabetic microvascular complications
    (Kare Publ, 2021) Mertoglu, Cuma; Siranli, Gulsah; Coban, T. Abdulkadir; Karakurt, Yucel; Ersoy, Alevtina; Ozcicek, Adalet; Arslan, Yusuf
    OBJECTIVE: The role of protein oxidation in the development of diabetic microvascular complications was investigated. METHODS: In total, 266 participants were split into five groups: Group 1; diabetes mellitus for at least 10 years without any complications, Group 2; diabetic nephropathy, Group 3; diabetic neuropathy, Group 4; diabetic retinopathy, and Group 5; control group. Thiol, disulfide, ferroxidase, and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels were analyzed in the serum. RESULTS: Native thiol, total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol were lower in Group 4 than Groups 1, 3, and 5 (p<0.001). However, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol were higher in Group 4 than all other groups (p<0.001). IMA was higher in Groups 3 and 4 than all other groups (p<0.001). Ferroxidase was lower in Groups 3 and 4 than Group 2 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Thiol-disulfide homeostasis impairment in favor of disulfide may have a function in the progress of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, the disruptions of IMA and ferroxidase levels involve in the development of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.