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    Effect of thermosonication and thermal treatments on antidiabetic, antihypertensive, mineral elements and in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in freshly squeezed pomegranate juice
    (Springer, 2022) Yikmis, Seydi; Ozer, Hayrettin; Levent, Okan; Col, Basak Gokce; Erdal, Berna
    Pomegranate fruit and its products have been recognized as 'miracle fruit' due to their nutritional content, organoleptic properties and health benefits. There is no detailed study about the optimization of thermosonication (TS) conditions for the popular drink, freshly squeezed pomegranate juice. Bioactive components in freshly squeezed pomegranate juice treated with thermosonication were increased using the response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). ANN had higher correlation than RSM and as a result of optimization, thermosonication treatment conditions of 49.50 degrees C, 10.5 min and 72.50% amplitude were determined.Thermosonication-treated pomegranate juice (TS-PJ) had higher antidiabetic and antihypertensive effects than thermal pasteurized pomegranate juice (P-PJ). TS did not affect physicochemical parameters (p > 0.05). Both treatments reduced the microbial load after treatment and TS-PJ was superior in terms of sensory attributes. As a result of thermosonication treatment, increases in Ca, Fe and Na elements were detected. For in vitro simulated gastrointestinal medium TS-PJ better preserved the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. The results obtained may be useful for the industrial production of thermosonication-treated pomegranate juice. [GRAPHICS] .
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    Modeling and optimization of bioactive compounds from jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) vinegar using response surface methodology and artificial neural network: Comparison of ultrasound processing and thermal pasteurization
    (Wiley-Hindawi, 2022) Yikmis, Seydi; Altiner, Dilek D.; Ozer, Hayrettin; Levent, Okan; Celik, Guler; Col, Basak G.
    In recent years, vinegar varieties have been preferred by consumers because of their beneficial effects on human health. Vinegar contains different bioactive components and antioxidants according to the fruit or vegetable used as raw materials. In this study, three different samples of jujube vinegar-traditional jujube vinegar (TJV), pasteurized jujube vinegar (PJV), and ultrasound-treated jujube vinegar (UJV)-were studied. Ultrasound parameters were determined as 6.2 min and 60.6% amplitude. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) showed a high correlation. After ultrasound treatment, the bioactive components in the UJV samples increased compared with the TJV samples. Caffeic and ferulic acids were identified as the dominant phenolic components in jujube vinegar samples. Jujube vinegar samples contained 22-27 volatile compounds. As a result of the study, ultrasound treatment applied to jujube vinegar positively affected phenolic components, organic acids, volatile components, and mineral content, allowing for the development of a new healthy product. Practical Applications The effects of ultrasound processing on jujube vinegar were investigated in this study. The bioactive qualities of jujube vinegar were enriched by ultrasound. ANN outperformed RSM in terms of correlation.. Mineral and phenolic compounds were affected by ultrasound treatment. Caffeic and ferulic acids are major phenolics in jujube vinegar. The application of ultrasound to jujube vinegar was found to be effective.