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Öğe Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in affective disorders(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004) Ozcan, ME; Gulec, M; Ozerol, E; Polat, R; Akyol, ORecent data from several reports indicate that free radicals are involved in the biochemical mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders in human. The results of several reports suggest that lower antioxidant defences against lipid peroxidation exist in patients with depression and that there is a therapeutic benefit from antioxidant supplementation in unstable manic-depressive patients. We investigated the antioxidant enzyme status and the indices of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation end products in erythrocytes from patients with affective disorder. For this purpose, we measured superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with affective disorders (n=30) in both pre- and post-treatment periods, and in a control group (n = 21). CAT activities were significantly decreased in both pre-, and post-treatment periods in patients compared to the control group. GSH-Px activity in the pre-treatment period in the patients was significantly lower than both post-treatment patient and control groups. MDA levels were increased in both pre-, and post-treatment patient groups compared to the control group. NO level was lower in the pre-treatment patient group than in the control group. There were statistically significant correlations between SOD and MDA, and SOD and NO in the pre-treatment patient and control groups. Because the overall study sample was small, and the post-treatment patient group was even smaller, it can tentatively be suggested that the antioxidant system is impaired during a mood episode in patients with affective disorders, normalizing at the end of the episode. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Öğe Caffeic acid phenethyl ester ameliorated ototoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats(E I F T Srl, 2004) Kizilay, A; Kalcioglu, MT; Ozerol, E; Iraz, M; Gulec, M; Akyol, O; Ozturan, OCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of CAPE on ototoxicity induced with cisplatin. Twenty-four adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: cisplatin (n=6), saline (n=6), CAPE (n=6), and cisplatin plus CAPE (n=6). Rats were tested before and 5 days after cisplatin treatment with or without chemo protection. The Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) were elicited from the control and experimental animals utilizing the standard commercial Otoacoustic Emission (OAEs) apparatus. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under general anesthesia on the fifth day following last OAE measurements. For biochemical investigations, the blood samples were drawn from inferior vena cava. On day 0, the initial baseline DPOAEs measurement results presented similar values while comparing the groups in drug free phase (p>0.05). On day 5, intrasubject measurement parameters of DPgrams and I/O functions of cisplatin group were significantly deteriorated (p<0.05). The second measurements of the other groups revealed no significant differences between their DPgrams and I/O functions in all frequencies (p>0.05). Among the biochemical parameters, plasma xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was found to be more elevated in the cisplatin group than the saline group (p<0.05). CAPE led to more decreased XO activity than cisplatin (p<0.05). The results of this study show that prophylactic administration of CAPE for cisplatin ototoxicity ameliorated hearing deterioration in rats.Öğe Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels in preeclampsia: relation to maternal serum leptin levels(Wiley, 2004) Celik, O; Hascalik, S; Ozerol, E; Hascalik, M; Yologlu, SBackground: To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and circulating levels of leptin differ between women with preeclampsia and women who had an uncomplicated pregnancy. Methods: Maternal serum and CSF leptin concentrations obtained in the third trimester of the gestation were compared in 16 women with mild preeclampsia and 23 normotensive pregnant women who underwent cesarean section. Before administering local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia, 2 mL CSF and 4 mL venous blood sample were taken and were stored at -30 degreesC until serum and CSF leptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Mean CSF leptin concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups (preeclampsia 9.7 +/- 4.2 ng/mL, normotensive 13.6 +/- 4.3 ng/mL, p = 0.952). Similarly, mean serum leptin concentrations were similar between the two groups (mild preeclampsia 21.7 +/- 7.1 ng/mL, normotensive 18.3 +/- 6.7 ng/mL, p = 0.698). CSF leptin levels are inversely related to the serum leptin concentrations in preeclamptic patients (r = -0.87, p = 0.000). An inverse relationship was also detected between CSF and serum leptin levels in normotensive pregnant subjects (r = -0.66, p = 0.000). Conclusions: CSF and serum leptin levels were similar in patients with preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women. However, the CSF leptin was negatively correlated with the serum leptin concentrations in preeclamptic and normotensive control subjects, suggesting that leptin enters the brain by a saturable transport system. Further work is needed to confirm our findings.Öğe Effect of long-term therapy with sodium valproate on nail and serum trace element status in epileptic children(Humana Press Inc, 2004) Armutcu, F; Ozerol, E; Gurel, A; Kanter, M; Vural, H; Yakinci, C; Akyol, OAntiepileptic drugs could cause changes in the trace element status of the body. Valproic acid (VPA) is a very effective anticonvulsant agent widely used in the management of various forms of epilepsy. Nail trace element content is a reliable index of trace element nutritional status of the body. To determine whether some of the side effects of antiepileptic drugs could be the result of zinc (Zn) depletion within tissues, Zn concentrations as well as copper (Cu) concentrations in nail and serum in 59 children having various types of epilepsy receiving valproate and 31 controls were assessed. Although serum Zn level in epileptic patients was found to be decreased, there was no difference in nail samples when compared to controls. There was a statistically significant increase in nail Cu level in epileptic patients when compared to controls. On the other hand, serum Cu levels were not different between the groups. Although none of our patients showed any symptoms of Cu elevation and Zn depletion, we should pay attention to potential body trace element changes in patients with epilepsy under VPA treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that serum trace metal homeostasis might be affected by VPA therapy, but not by the convulsive disorder itself.Öğe The effect of long-term therapy with sodium valproate on oxidant/antioxidant status in epileptic children(Wiley, 2003) Ozerol, E; Aslan, M; Cakmak, EA; Gulec, M; Yakinci, C; Akyol, OAntiepileptic drugs may cause the changes in the oxidant/antioxidant status of the body. Reactive oxygen species have been suggested to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases as well as drug interactions and/or adverse effects. The aim of this study, therefore, is to investigate the status of major antioxidant enzyme activities as well as the end products of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte and plasma from epileptic children after therapy with sodium valproate (VPA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocyte and plasma were analyzed in 41 epileptic patients under long-term antiepileptic therapy with VPA and 32 healthy controls. Erythrocyte SOD activity was found to be increased (p=0.024) whereas erythrocyte CAT activity decreased (p=0.016) in patients with epilepsy under VPA treatment compared to the controls. MDA levels in erythrocyte were found to be markedly decreased in epileptic children compared to controls (p<0.001). In conclusion, decreased CAT activity seems to be compensated with increased SOD activity in erythrocytes protecting erythrocyte membranes from lipid peroxidation in patients with epilepsy under VPA treatment.Öğe Effects of valproate and carbamazepine on serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid(Elsevier Science Bv, 2003) Karabiber, H; Sommezgoz, E; Ozerol, E; Yakinci, C; Otlu, B; Yologlu, SHomocysteine (HMC) is a sulfur containing amino acid, which plays a role in methionine metabolism. Folic acid (FA) and vitamin B12 (B12) are essential for remethylization of HMC to methionine. HMC level increases in the deficiency of these vitamins. Hyperhomocysteinemia causes vascular endothelial damage, which causes atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of valproate (VA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) on the serum levels of HMC, B12, and FA. Thirty-six children receiving CBZ and 30 children receiving VA for epilepsy for the last 1-year period and 29 healthy children as control were the population of this study. After 6 h of fasting serum HMC, B12, and FA levels were measured and results were compared statistically. Mean values of HMC, FA, and B12 levels in control group were 9.2 +/- 2.7 mumol/l, 9.0 +/- 2.0 ng/ml, and 342 +/- 162 pg/ml, in VA group 14.0 +/- 6.8 mumol/l, 7.3 +/- 2.9 ng/ml, and 368 +/- 159 pg/ml, in CBZ group 16.0 +/- 13.1 mumol/l, 7.5 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, and 285 +/- 158 pg/ml, respectively. Serum HMC levels were higher in VA and CBZ groups than control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Serum FA levels were lower in VA and CBZ groups compared to control group (P < 0.05). Serum levels of B12 were not different between VA and control groups (P > 0.05). In CBZ group serum B 12 levels were lower than control group (P < 0.05). FA may be added to the treatment protocol (if the patients take only CBZ, then B 12 should also be added) for patients taking these antiepileptic drugs to decrease the degenerative effect of VA and CBZ on vascular endothelium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Homocysteine, lipid profile, nitric oxide, vitamin B12, and folate values in patients with premature coronary artery disease and their children(Sage Publications Inc, 2005) Pac, FA; Ozerol, E; Ozerol, IH; Temel, I; Ege, P; Yologlu, S; Sezgin, NThe plasma concentrations of homocysteine and lipoprotein A are independent risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) and folate values are also important in atherogenesis. The authors aimed to evaluate these parameters in patients having coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) before 50 years of age and in their children. In 31 patients having CABS, 47 children of these patients, and 28 normal control subjects, homocysteine, NO, vitamin B 12, folate, lipoprotein A, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B values were determined. Homocysteine values of the patients with premature coronary heart diseases and their children were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.031 and p < 0.006, respectively). Also, NO levels were significantly higher in both groups than in controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.031, respectively). B12 values were significantly higher in both groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.033, respectively). Lipoprotein A levels were higher in both groups but not significantly so.Öğe Nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation are increased and associated with decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with age-related macular degeneration(Springer, 2003) Evereklioglu, C; Er, H; Doganay, S; Cekmen, M; Turkoz, Y; Otlu, B; Ozerol, EBackground: Nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl radical (OH.), superoxide anion (02) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are free-radicals released in oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) are antioxidant enzymes, mediating defense against oxidative stress. Excess NO and/or defective antioxidants cause lipid peroxidation, cellular dysfunction and death. Age-related maculopathy (ARM) or degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. The etiology is unclear and the molecular factors contributing this disease remain to be specified. Aims: This multicenter, double-blind, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate plasma NO and lipid peroxidation levels with relation to antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocyte and plasma of patients with ARMD compared with healthy control subjects. Methods: NO, lipid peroxidation (measured as plasma malondialdehyde [MDA] levels) and the catalytic activity of SOD, GSHPx and CAT were measured in a group of 41 patients with maculopathy (19 men, 22 women; 67.12 +/- 3.70 years) and compared with 25 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects without maculopathy (12 men, 13 women; 68.04 +/- 3.02 years). NO and MDA levels were measured in plasma, CAT in red blood cells (RBCs), and SOD and GSHPx in both plasma and RBCs. Color fundus photographs were used to assess the presence of maculopathy, and the patients were divided into two groups using clinical examination and grading of photographs; early-ARM (n = 22) and late-ARMD (n = 19). Results: All patients with maculopathy had significantly (p < 0.001) higher plasma NO levels over control subjects (mean +/- SD, 48.58 +/- 8.81 vs. 28.22 +/- 3.39 mu mol/l). Plasma MDA levels in patients and control subjects were 4.99 +/- 1.00 and 2.16 +/- 0.24 mu mol/l, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). On the other hand, SOD and GSHPx activities were significantly lower in both RBCs and plasma of patients with maculopathy than in control subjects (RBCs-SOD, 3509.30 +/- 478.22 vs. 5033.30 +/- 363.98 U/g Hb. p < 0.001; plasma-SOD, 560.95 +/- 52.52 vs. 704.76 +/- 24.59 U/g protein, p < 0.001; RBCs-GSHPx, 663.43 +/- 41.74 vs. 748.80 +/- 25.50 U/g Hb, p < 0.001; plasma-GSHPx, 98.26 +/- 15.67 vs. 131.80 +/- 8.73 U/g protein, p < 0.001). RBCs-CAT levels were not different between groups (131.68 +/- 12.89 vs. 133.00 +/- 13.29 k/g Hb, p = 0.811). Late-ARMD patients had significantly lower antioxidant enzyme levels and higher MDA levels when compared with early-ARM patients (for each, p < 0.001). In addition, plasma NO and MDA levels were negatively correlated with SOD and GSHPx activities. Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time that NO, the most abundant free-radical in the body, might be implicated in the pathophysiology of ARMD in association with decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation status.Öğe Use of caffeic acid phenethyl ester to prevent sodium-selenite-induced cataract in rat eyes(Elsevier Science Inc, 2002) Doganay, S; Turkoz, Y; Evereklioglu, C; Er, H; Bozaran, M; Ozerol, EPurpose: To investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) prevents sodium-selenite-induced cataract. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey. Methods: Sixty Spraque-Dawley rat litters were randomized into 3 groups. In Group 1 (n = 18), sodium selenite (30 nmol/g body weight) was injected subcutaneously on postpartum day 10. In Group 2 (n = 22), subcutaneous CAPE (15 mumol/kg) and sodium selenite (30 nmol/g body weight) were injected on postpartum day 10. The CAPE dose was continued subcutaneously for 3 days after the initial injection. Only subcutaneous saline was injected in Group 3 (control, n = 20). The development of cataract was assessed weekly, and its density was graded by slitlamp biomicroscopy and photography. Removed rat lenses were analyzed for glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA, marker of lipid peroxidation). Results: Group 2 rats had clear lenses or minor cataract. All Group 1 rats developed more severe cataract or complete opacification. The between-group difference was statistically significant (P < .05). All control lenses (Group 3) were clear. The mean GSH level in Group 1 (4.49 mumol/g wet weight +/- 0.93 [SD]) was significantly lower than that in Group 2 (8.63 +/- 0.88 mumol/g wet weight) (P < .05) and controls (10.76 +/- 1.97 mumol/g wet weight) (P < .05). The mean MDA level in Group 1 (8.54 +/- 1.31 nmol/g wet weight) was significantly higher than that in Group 2 (5.23 +/- 0.84 nmol/g wet weight) (P < .05) and controls (4.19 +/- 0.81 nmol/g wet weight) (P < .05). Conclusion: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester effectively suppressed cataract formation in rats. The protective effect was supported by lower GSH and higher MDA levels in Group 1 than in Group 2, suggesting the antioxidant efficacy of this agent. Since CAPE has no known harmful effect on normal cells, it may be beneficial in clinical use in humans. (C) 2002 ASCRS and ESCRS.
