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    Osteogenic effects of metformin and exenatide on bone regeneration in non‑diabetic rats: A Micro‑CT and histological study
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Ozturk, Hasan; Simsek, Neslihan; Akinci, Levent; Ozgocmen, Meltem; Yigit, Dilek Helvacioglu
    Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic effects of systemic metformin and exenatide administration on bone tissue regeneration in an experimental rat model by utilising micro‑computed tomography (micro‑CT) and histological analysis. Materials and Methods: Uniform craniotomy defects measuring 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm depth were performed in the parietal bones of 27 female albino Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into three groups: 1) a group receiving 100 mg/kg/day of oral metformin, 2) a group receiving 3 μg/kg/day of intraperitoneal exenatide, and 3) a control group receiving no medication. Bone volume and density at the defect site were evaluated using micro‑CT scanning and analysis. Results: Bone regeneration and the integration of newly formed bone into intact bone were assessed through histological and immunohistochemical examinations. In all three groups, the results showed no significant differences in bone volume, bone density, the presence of fibrous connective tissue, or the complete integration of the defect area into the bone tissue. However, the experimental groups exhibited significant differences in the number of osteoblasts (P = 0.007) and osteoclasts (P = 0.007) when compared to the control group. Conclusions: Metformin and exenatide enhance the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone defects, promoting osteogenic potential during the healing process in non‑diabetic rats. © 2025 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.
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    The treatment effect of silymarin on heart damage in rats
    (2020) Aktas, Ibrahim; Ozgocmen, Meltem
    Aim: In this article, we evaluated the possible cardiac protective effects of silymarin on valproic acid-induced heart injury by histological and biochemical parameters in rat heart.Material and Methods: The experiment was performed with 21 Sprague Dawley male rats. Rats were divided into three groups: group 1; control, group 2; valproic acid, group 3; valproic acid + silymarin. The groups received valproic acid 500 mg/kg/day per os (p.o.) and silymarin 100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 14 days except the control group.Results: Silymarin treatment decreased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly (p 0.05). In addition, the increase of malondialdehyde level and decrease of glutathione level by valproic acid were significantly suppressed by silymarin in heart tissue (p 0.05). Histologically, the amount of heart injury was significantly lower in valproic acid + silymarin group and histopathological findings were decreased in valproic acid + silymarin group compared to valproic acid group (p 0.005).Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that silymarin has a curative effect on valproic acid induced heart damage. In this sense, we believe that our study will be usefull for other studies which will be study with silymarin and valproic acid.