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Öğe Applying the health belief model to the rational use of drugs for hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022) Cengiz, Zeliha; Ozkan, MeralBackground: Non-rational use of drugs is a common problem among people with chronic disease. The Health Belief Model (HBM) can develop beliefs and behaviors related to rational drug use. Objectives: To investigate the effect of HBM-based training on the rational use of drugs in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 132 people receiving hemodialysis treatment. The data were collected using a Demographic Survey and the Rational Use of Drugs Scale (RUDS). Patients in the study groups were provided with HBM-based rational use of drugs training. The first training session took an average of 30-35 min for each patient, and the second (summary) took an average of 15-20 min Results: The mean RUDS pretest score was 60.29 +/- 10.17 in the intervention group and 62.85 +/- 9.94 in the control group. The mean RUDS posttest scores were 78.80 +/- 8.16 in the intervention group and 63.48 +/- 9.77 in the control group. The difference between the pretest scores in these groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), whereas the difference between the posttest scores was found to be significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It was observed that training based on the HBM increased the RUD scores. Thus, HBM may be recommended for use as a guide for rational drug use training, especially for patients undergoing hemo-dialysis. Practice implications: The HBM can be an effective and cost-efficient strategy for standardized rational drug use training and supporting hemodialysis patients. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of abdominal and arm areas in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin in terms of development of pain, hematoma, and ecchymosis(Elsevier Science Inc, 2018) Cengiz, Zeliha; Ozkan, MeralThe purpose of this study was to compare the abdominal and arm areas in the patients using subcutaneous heparin in terms of pain, hematoma, and ecchymosis development. As a result of subcutaneous heparin injections, complications such as pain, ecchymosis, and hematoma may develop in the injection site. The injection site chosen for injection is one of the factors that are effective on complications. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 54 patients at orthopedicstraumatology and cardiothoracic surgery clinics of a university hospital. The data were collected using a patient description and follow-up form, visual analog scale, transparent film, and a chronometer. Ecchymosis and hematoma were evaluated at the 48th hour after injection, whereas the pain level was evaluated right after the injection, and the pain duration was evaluated during the injection. The rate of pain in the arm area was statistically higher. Differences between the areas in terms of level and duration of pain and development and size of ecchymosis and hematoma were not significant. More pain developed due to heparin injection in the arm area than in the abdominal area. No differences were observed between the areas in terms of level and duration of pain, development and size of ecchymosis, or development and size of hematoma.Öğe The Correlation Between Eating Behaviors and Depression Levels After Bariatric Surgery(Slack Inc, 2023) Kavak, Mustafa; Ozkan, MeralIn recent years, the prevalence of obesity has been increasing. Obese patients can be treated with medication, diet, exercise, and bariatric surgery. Studies on bariatric surgery have mostly focused on the physiological aspect of the surgery, with little attention paid to its psychological effects. There are a limited number of national and international studies that investigate eating behaviors and depression after bariatric surgery together. This descriptive and correlational study aimed to determine the correlation between eating behaviors and depression levels of patients after bariatric surgery. The study was conducted at Firat University Hospital General Surgery Outpatient Clinic between July 2018 and August 2019. The population of the study was 1,000 adult patients. The sample consisted of 278 patients determined by the power analysis. The Descriptive Characteristics Form was used to determine the descriptive characteristics of the patients, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to determine the patients' eating behaviors, and the Beck Depression Inventory to determine their depression levels. Data was gathered through face-to-face interviews at least 1 month after the surgery. The data was assessed using percent distribution, arithmetic mean, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The eating behaviors of the participants were found to be high (104.38 & PLUSMN; 10.29), while their depression levels were low (17.87 & PLUSMN; 7.71). It was determined that there was a positive and weak correlation between the patients' eating behaviors and depression levels, which was statistically significant (r = 0.190, P = 0.002). Consequently, it was determined that the eating behaviors of the patients improved, and their depression levels were low. Furthermore, as the patients' depression levels increased, so did their eating behaviors. To improve the mental health of patients after bariatric surgery, we must identify mental problems and develop solutions. We suggest that nurses plan training to help patients regulate their eating behaviors and reduce their depression levels. [Psychiatr Ann. 2023;53(8):374-380.]Öğe Cross-Addiction in Bariatric Surgery Candidates(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Ozkan, Meral; Kavak, MustafaWhen postbariatric surgery patients cannot perform the behavior of excessive eating that they used to perform for coping with negative feelings in the preoperative period, they may adopt other new and inappropriate coping behaviors. This study was conducted to determine the risk of substance use and internet addiction in patients with and without food addiction before bariatric surgery. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 203 patients. The results showed that 54.7% of the patients who had food addiction before undergoing bariatric surgery were at risk of internet addiction, and 22.0% were at risk of substance use. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of Sleep Quality of Hospitalized Patients in a Neurosurgery Clinic(Galenos Publ House, 2020) Cici, Remziye; Ozkan, MeralObjective: This study aimed to determine the sleep quality of patients in a neurosurgery clinic. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between April 2013 - March 2014 with hospitalized patients aged >= 18 years in a neurosurgery clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. All patients in the neurosurgery clinic were included. The study sample consisted of 140 patients who were selected using improbable random sampling method. Data were collected via questionnaire, including patient identification form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index. Mean, percentages, independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Significance was determined for p<0.05. Results: The mean Pittsburgh sleep quality index score of the patients was poor (7.63 +/- 4.04). In addition, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, and sleep disorder sub-component scores were poor, whereas habitual sleep activity, sleep medication use, and daytime sleep dysfunction sub-component scores were good. Female patients had poor sleep quality compared with male patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that neurosurgery patients have statistically significant poor sleep quality.Öğe Determining the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics and attachment styles of liver transplant donors: A cross-sectional study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2026) Tanriverdi, Seher; Soylemez, Neslihan; Bayrakci, Emine; Ozkan, MeralThis study aimed to determine the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics and attachment styles of liver transplant donors. This descriptive and correlational study included a sample of 156 donors. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a Patient Information Form and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire. In addition to normality tests, the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Bonferroni-corrected P-value, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used in data analysis. The significance level was set at P <= .05. The findings revealed that the majority of donors had a dismissive attachment style. Individuals with higher income levels, those living in rural areas, and those not related to the recipient showed a higher tendency toward secure attachment compared to other groups. Donors who had undergone previous surgery exhibited stronger secure attachment and weaker dismissive attachment than those who had not. Based on these results, future studies and organ donation campaigns are recommended to focus on attachment styles and their association with sociodemographic and sociocultural characteristics. The mean age of the participating donors was 31.65 +/- 6.67 years, and 76.92% were related to the recipient. Among the donors, 93.6% exhibited a dismissive attachment style. Income level, place of residence, kinship with the recipient, and previous surgical history had a statistically significant effect on secure attachment style (P < .05), explaining 34.4% of the variance (R-2 = 0.344). Previous surgical history was found to have a statistically significant effect on the dismissive attachment style (P < .05), accounting for 14.5% of the variance (R-2 = 0.145).Öğe Development and validation of a tool to assess the rational use of drugs in Turkish adults(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Cengiz, Zeliha; Ozkan, MeralObjective This methodological study was performed to develop a Rational Use of Drugs Scale (RUDS). Design and samples After defining the scale items and taking expert opinion, 325 adults tested the internal consistency, structure, and criterion validity of the final scale. Measurements A literature review was used to generate the initial items. Evaluation by an expert panel established content validity for these items, and pilot testing of the draft tool was performed. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to establish construct validity, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated. Results Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the RUDS was found to have a structure comprising 1 factor and 21 items, with a total scale variance of 31.99%. The RUDS assessed whether patients used effective, safe, appropriate, and inexpensive drugs. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.84. Conclusion The RUDS might be a valid and reliable instrument for public health practitioners to assess knowledge, attitude, and behaviors related to drug use.Öğe Do the natural and herbal remedies used for fighting against COVID-19 pose a risk for surgical patients?(Elsevier Gmbh, 2024) Ozkan, Meral; Gunes, HuseyinIntroduction: To determine what natural and herbal remedies were used in the fight against COVID-19 and analyze the potential of these products to create a risk for surgical patients. Methods: The study was conducted with a descriptive and cross-sectional research design. The data were collected between September and October 2021. In the study, convenience sampling, which is a non-probability sampling method, was used. An online questionnaire was applied to the participants on social media platforms. In the data collection process, 1 488 individuals were reached. Results: The most frequently used herbal remedies by the participants were garlic (62.8%), ginger (53.4%), linden (42.3%), turmeric (37.9%), and oregano (35.6%). The most frequently used natural remedies were lemon (65.4%), honey (53.8%), yogurt (47.2%), traditional soups (33.5%), and vinegar (33.1%). The most frequently used supplements of vitamins were vitamin D (42.4%) vitamin C (41.1%), vitamin B12 (22.4%), vitamin E (8.7%), and fish oil/Omega-3 fatty acids (7.5%). Among the participants who reported that they used natural and herbal remedies (n = 710), only 6.9% were determined to have undergone a surgery in this period. Furthermore, 89.8% of these individuals who presented to the hospital for a surgery had not been asked whether they used natural or herbal remedies by healthcare professionals. Conclusion: The intake of garlic and vitamin E supplements according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the intake of garlic, ginger, turmeric/curcumin, and vitamin E supplements according to the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement Consensus Statement should be stopped before a surgery.Öğe The effect of bioenergy on postoperative pain in patients experienced abdominal surgery: A nonpharmacological approach(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Aslan, Bahar; Ozkan, Meral[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The effect of foot reflexology on pain, comfort and beta endorphin levels in patients with liver transplantation: A randomized control trial(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Kapikiran, Gurkan; Ozkan, MeralIntroduction: Research suggests that reflexology stimulates the release of endorphins and is effective for the control of pain. The aim of study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology on the levels of pain, comfort and beta endorphins in patients who had undergone liver transplantation. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted between October 2019-April 2020 on adult patients who received a liver transplantation at a Liver Transplant Institute in Turkey. The sample consisted of 120 patients randomized to receive either reflexology or routine care. Data collected included; Patient Information, a Numerical Pain Scale, Perianesthesia Comfort Scale and Beta Endorphin Level Registration Form. Prior to receiving foot reflexology, pain, comfort and beta endorphin levels of patients were determined. Reflexology was applied by the researcher for 30 minutes. Pain, comfort and beta endorphin levels were determined immediately after foot reflexology. The patients in the control group were tested at the same time intervals without any application other than the routine clinical protocol. Results: After applying foot reflexology, the intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in pain level compared to the control group (Cohen's d = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): - -2.7261 to - 1.8738; p < 0.001). Both beta endorphin and comfort levels for both intervention and control groups increased statistically post test compared to the initial test (p < 0.05). However, although the increase in beta endorphin and comfort levels was observed to be higher in the intervention group this was not significantly different to the controls. Conclusion: Pain levels of the patients who received foot reflexology decreased more than for those patients who did not receive reflexology, and their beta endorphin and comfort levels increased more. Reflexology could be used as a non pharmacological treatment option offered in post-operative nursing care.Öğe Effect of frozen saline and menthol gum on thirst level after abdominal surgery: A mixed-methods study(Wiley, 2025) Aslan, Bahar; Ozkan, MeralBackgroundThirst is rarely studied in practice. Even though this condition is experienced intensively in surgical patients, it is still not listed in the nursing diagnoses classification and there is no standard for quenching thirst.AimThe study was conducted to determine effect of frozen saline and menthol gum on thirst level after abdominal surgery.Study DesignThis mixed-methods study was conducted between March 2020 and July 2021. A power analysis determined the inclusion of 159 patients. Quantitative data were collected using the Patient Information Form, FOUR Score, Safe Protocol for Early Postoperative Thirst Management, and Numerical Rating Scale. The qualitative stage involved a descriptive study design, with four open-ended questions informed by the literature. After gathering quantitative data, patients were interviewed by phone, and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsPatients' thirst level in the frozen saline and menthol gum group was lower than the control group at all time (Cohen's d = .217, 95% confidence interval 5.43 to 6.35; p = 0.000). In the qualitative stage, three main themes emerged: thirst experience, post-application opinions and feelings. After the interventions, patients reported that they felt well intensely.ConclusionsFrozen saline and menthol gum were found to be effective in quenching thirst after abdominal surgery. The patients in the experimental groups expressed their opinions about feeling well after the applications, and the majority of the patients stated that they wanted the application to be repeated.Relevance to Clinical PracticeDespite several attempts to quench thirst, thirst still remains a significant problem in intensive care units. It is felt more commonly and intensely, especially in surgical intensive care patients. However, it is a symptom that is not taken into consideration enough. For this reason, intensive care nurses need to increase their focus on issues of thirst.Öğe Effect of Music on Fatigue, Comfort, and Vital Signs in Patients After Liver Transplant Surgery A Randomized Controlled Trial(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Demir, Bilsev; Kapikiran, Gurkan; Ozkan, MeralThis randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of music therapy on fatigue, comfort and vital signs of the liver transplant patients. The study sample comprised 120 adult patients (60 in the experimental and 60 in the control group) who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. In the experimental group, the researcher performed music therapy. After applying music therapy once to patients for 30 minutes, their fatigue, comfort, and vital signs were evaluated. No treatment was performed in the control group. According to music therapy follow-ups after liver transplantation, mean scores of fatigue levels were lower, comfort levels were higher, and vital signs were normal, with a statistical significance in the experimental group compared with the control group in all measurements before and after music therapy (P < .001). The study should be repeated using different parameters.Öğe The effects of perceived organizational support on attitudes toward medical errors in surgical nurses: A cross-sectional study(Wiley, 2023) Er, Fatma; Ozkan, MeralAimThis study aims to determine the effects of perceived organizational support on attitudes toward medical errors in surgical nurses.BackgroundNurses exhibit high performance in a work environment that supports, satisfies, and motivates them. Organizational support is one of the factors affecting the work environments of nurses. A strong nursing and hospital leadership supports the daily professional practices and well-being of nurses and is important in creating a positive work environment for nurses.Materials and methodsThe population of this cross-sectional study was composed of nurses (N = 414) in the surgical clinics of the Turgut ozal Medical Center. To reach the necessary sample size, the purposive sampling method, which is a nonprobability sampling method, was used. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Perceived Organizational Support Scale and the Scale of Attitudes toward Medical Errors.ResultsIt was determined that 91.1% of the participants had positive attitudes toward the importance and reporting of medical errors and moderate perceived organizational support (3.04 & PLUSMN; 0.67). The organizational support perceived by the participants did not have a statistically significant effect on their attitudes toward medical errors (& beta; = 0.015; p = 0.865). The multiple linear regression model established in the study revealed that education level and previous medical error status were significant predictors of the attitudes of the participants toward medical errors.ConclusionIt was determined that surgical nurses had positive attitudes toward the importance and reporting of medical errors and moderate perceived organizational support levels, and perceived organizational support did not significantly affect attitudes toward medical errors in surgical nurses.Implications for nursing practice and health policyIn this study, it was determined that the perceived organizational support levels of surgical nurses did not have a significant effect on their attitudes toward medical errors. Assuming that adequate organizational support will reduce medical error rates, it is considered important to develop and implement policies to increase organizational support levels. Likewise, the use of safety reporting systems should be expanded to reduce medical error rates, reports should be used only to prevent and reduce risks, and systems and strategies should be developed instead of blaming individuals. In addition to the reporting of confirmed medical errors to ensure patient safety, the reporting of so-called near misses is also very important. For this reason, institutional support should be provided regarding the importance of near miss events in error reporting. Necessary practices should be provided to identify, report, correct, and prevent these events.Öğe Effects on Anxiety and Vital Signs of the Emotional Freedom Technique and Music Before Surgery for Lumbar Disc Hernia(Innovision Communications, 2022) Cici, Remziye; Ozkan, MeralContext Patients hospitalized for surgical treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) are adversely affected psychologically, with fury, anger, helplessness, anxiety, and depression being observed in patients. Anxiety in particular is a common problem, with an incidence of around 90%. Objective This study intended to determine the effects on patients' anxiety and vital signs of the emotional freedom technique (EFT) and music before LDH surgery. Design The research team designed a quasi-experimental study. Setting The research was carried out in the neurosurgery clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. Participants Participants were 162 adult patients at the clinic who had LDH surgery between February 2018 and September 2019. Intervention Using the nonprobability sampling method, participants were allocated to one of three groups: (1) 54 to the music group, an intervention group; (2) 54 patients to the EFT group, an intervention group; and (3) 54 to the control group. Outcome Measures The Patient Information Form, the Life Findings Form, the Subjective Units of the Distress Scale (SUDS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety (STAI-S), were used to collect data. In the data analysis, the numbers, percentages, means, standard deviations, and chi-square values were found, and the t test and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the dependent and independent groups, respectively. The Tukey test was used for further analysis. Results EFT and music were determined to significantly reduce participants' state anxiety and subjective discomfort (P <.001). EFT significantly reduced the pulse and respiratory rates and the systolic blood pressure, and music significantly lowered the diastolic and systolic blood pressures (P <.05). Further analyses showed that EFT was more effective on state anxiety and reducing the respiratory rate than music. Conclusions Both music and EFT before LDH surgery reduced anxiety and regulated vital signs, and EFT was found to be more effective than music in regulating anxiety and respiratory rate.Öğe Emotions and coping methods of Turkish parents of children with cancer(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Gunay, Ulviye; Ozkan, MeralObjective: This hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted with the aim to determine the emotions and coping methods of Turkish parents whose children were diagnosed with cancer. Methods: Data were collected through in-person, in-depth interviews with 12 parents (8 mothers, 4 fathers). The semi-structured interview form was developed based on Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's model of the five stages of grief (denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance) with the addition of questions on coping methods. Data interpretation proceeded through three phases: superficial reading, structural analysis and comprehensive understanding. Results: All the parents made statements indicating their devastation while expressing their feelings at the moment they learned of the diagnosis. After overcoming the first shock, most thought it was a false diagnosis, and some thought it was a test from God. The parents were angry mostly with the doctors, themselves, their spouses and God. All the parents participating in the study stated that they had regrets about the past. Most engaged in more emotion-oriented and fewer problem-focused coping efforts. However, some parents used negative coping methods. Conclusion: These parents need help from healthcare professionals to come to terms with their grief.Öğe The Effect of Expressive Touch and Music on Pain, Vital Signs, and Brain Oxygenation: Mixed-Method Study with Clinical Trial ☆(Elsevier Science Inc, 2025) Soylemez, Neslihan; Ozkan, MeralPurpose: Subjective methods should be used to evaluate pain. It is important to know how pain affects vital signs and brain oxygenation. This study aimed to determine the effects of expressive touch and music applied after lumbar disc herniation surgery on pain, vital signs, and brain oxygenation. Design: This was a convergent, parallel, mixed-methods study utilizing randomized controlled trials and semi-structured qualitative interviews. Methods: With power analysis, 132 (44: expressive touch, 44: music, 44: control) patients were included in the study. Thirty-two patients were included in the qualitative research sample. Expressive touch and music interventions were repeated 3 times. Pain, vital signs, and brain oxygenation values were recorded before and after the interventions. Qualitative data were collected after the interventions. Results: It was determined that expressive touch and music significantly decreased the patients' pain levels compared to the control group ( X-2 : 67.118), ( p < .001). It was found that expressive touch and music created a significant difference in respiration ( X-2 : 15.289), blood pressure ( X-2 : 8.754-8.706), saturation ( X-2 : 47.953), and brain oxygenation ( X-2 : 31.473-37.110), ( p < .001). Music was found to be more effective than expressive touch on pain and brain oxygenation. The interventions relaxed and distracted the patients. Conclusions: It was found that expressive touch and music were effective in reducing pain level, keeping vital signs within physiological limits, and increasing brain oxygenation. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of other methods used in postoperative pain management on brain oxygenation. (c) 2024 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Öğe The Effect of Laughter Yoga on Depression and Serotonin Levels in Patients Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery(Sage Publications Inc, 2026) Kizilkaya, Gulnaz; Ozkan, MeralBackground: This study aimed to determine the effect of laughter yoga on depression and serotonin levels in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Material Method: The research was conducted between December 2018 and April 2022 using a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The study population consisted of 158 patients who underwent bariatric surgery in the General Surgery Department and were between 6 and 24 months postoperation. The sample size was determined using power analysis, resulting in a total of 62 participants. The laughter yoga group participated in 10 sessions. Depression and serotonin levels were measured both before and after the intervention in both the experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation), chi-square test, paired samples t-test, and independent samples t-test. Results: In the laughter yoga group, posttest depression levels significantly decreased compared to pretest levels (p > 0.05). Posttest depression levels were also significantly lower in the laughter yoga group compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Although serotonin levels decreased in the laughter yoga group posttest compared to the control group, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Laughter yoga was found to be effective in reducing depression in patients following bariatric surgery. While a decrease in serotonin levels was observed, it was not statistically significant.Öğe The effect of psychoeducation on body image and sexual quality of life in patients undergoing mastectomy: a randomized controlled trial(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Saruhan, Cicek; Ozkan, MeralPurpose: To evaluate the impact of psychoeducation on body image and sexual quality of life in women after mastectomy due to breast cancer. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted from October 2023 to January 2025 in a university hospital's general surgery clinic. A total of 63 mastectomy patients participated: 31 in the psychoeducation group and 32 in the control group. Data were collected using the the Breast Cancer Body Image Scale (BCBIS) and the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQoL-F) questionnaire. After the pretest was administered to all patients, those in the psychoeducation group received psychoeducation sessions for 6 weeks, 90 min weekly. Following the six-week training, a 4-week waiting period was observed. The pretests were administered to all patients before the initiation of psychoeducation, and the posttests to all patients 4 weeks after completion of psychoeducation. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in the pretest BCBIS and SQoL-F scores (p > 0.05). However, posttest scores significantly improved in the psychoeducation group compared to the control group across all measures (p < 0.05). Within-group comparisons showed the psychoeducation group experienced significant improvement in posttest scores compared to pretest (p < 0.05). While the control group showed significant change in SQoL-F scores (p < 0.05), no significant change was found in BCBIS scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the unmet needs of women following breast cancer treatment and underscores the importance of psychosocial support services, including socialization and counseling. It indicates that psychoeducation improves body image and sexual quality of life in mastectomy patients.Öğe The Effect of Web-Based Education on Symptoms and Adherence To Immunosuppressive Medications In Liver Transplant Patients(Elsevier Science Inc, 2025) Dolanbay, Nihal; Ozkan, MeralAim. Liver transplant patients experience several symptoms associated with immunosuppressive medications and have problems in medication adherence. This study aims to examine the effect of web-based education on symptoms and adherence to immunosuppressive medications in liver transplant patients. Materials and Methods. This is a randomized controlled trial study. The population of the study consisted of patients who had liver transplantation in a university hospital at least 2 months and at most 2 years before the interview (N = 116). The sample of the study consisted of a total of 90 liver transplant patients who were determined by a power analysis. The data were collected between January and July 2021 using a patient information form, the Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale-59 Items (MTSOSD-59), and the Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale (IMAS). Results. Liver transplant patients in the experimental group were given a web-based education for 1 month. After the education, a significant decrease was observed in their symptom's occurrence and discomfort with symptoms scores and a significant increase in their immunosuppressive medication adherence scores, compared to that of those in the control group (P < .05). Conclusion. As a result, the web-based education reduced the symptoms and discomfort associated with immunosuppressive medications in liver transplant patients and increased their immunosuppressive medication adherence.
