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Effects of abdominal touch, music, and virtual reality video during the non-stress test on maternal anxiety and fetal parameters: A randomized controlled clinical trial
(Elsevier, 2025) Nacar, Gulcin; Kucukkelepce, Didem Simsek; Ozkan, Tuba Koc
This randomized control trial compared the effects of abdominal touch, music, and virtual reality video on maternal anxiety and fetal parameters. 120 pregnant women were randomly assigned to one of three experimental arms (abdominal touch, music, virtual reality video) or the control group (30 pregnant women in each group). Data were collected through the Participant Information Form, and outcomes were assesssed using the Non-stress test (NST) Findings Registry Form, and the State Anxiety Scale. This trial showed that abdominal touch and virtual reality videos were superior to music in increasing fetal heart rate (p=0.001), and music and virtual reality videos were superior to abdominal touch in decreasing maternal anxiety (p=0.001). Abdominal touch and virtual reality video were effective in increasing fetal heart rate, and music and virtual reality video were effective in decreasing maternal anxiety. It is recommended to provide pregnant women access to abdominal touch, music, and virtual reality videos to reduce maternal stress and anxiety and to increase fetal heart rate.